Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Salmonella spp. from Chicken purchased at Wad Madani City, Gezira State, Sudan

Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman, Farha E. Dafallah, Eitimad H. Abdel-Rahman, Nawaf I. Alshammari, Sohair A. Shommo, Salwa.E. Ibrahim

Abstract


Background: Salmonella is a potential human pathogen that causes salmonellosis, a food-borne disease. Addressing these major food safety and public health issues with effective monitoring of food-borne pathogens and dietary measures.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the local markets of Alsug Alkabeer (AB), Alsug Ashabi (AK), and Alsug Alsageer (AS) sites in Wad Madani state, Sudan to detect and assess Salmonella infection in raw and cooked chicken samples.

Results: The results showed that the maximum number of different Salmonella species was recovered from raw and cooked specimens of chicken obtained from AB, AK and AS which were 6.5, 4.4, and 4cfu/g, respectively. In addition, Salmonella spp. in the locally reared chicken is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of farm poultry. On the other hand, the highest Salmonella count was recorded in AS, AK and AB egg samples which were 5.9, 3.5, and 2.3cfu/g, respectively. Interestingly, eggs from local sources of chicken had significantly (p < 0.05) higher numbers of Salmonella spp. compared to those from farm sources. Six species of Salmonella were described, namely: Salmonella typhi, S. cheers, S. arizonae, S. enteritidis, S. pullorum, and S. gallinarum.

Conclusion: High occurrence of Salmonella spp. in this study might be attributed to the low hygienic measures in the poultry retail markets during slaughtering and/or handling processes. Further studies are required and should be conducted within Gezira state to assess food safety.

Keywords: Food-borne disease; Pathogens; Biochemical test; Contamination; Food safety; Microbial growth; Food poisoning


Full Text:

PDF

References


Khalil AT, Iqrar I, Bashir S, Ali M, Khalil AH, Shinwari ZK. Preemptive and Proactive Strategies for Food Control and Biosecurity. In Food Safety and Preservation (2018); 39-58. Academic Press.

Beach JC, Murano EA, Acuff GR. Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in beef cattle from transport to slaughter. Journal of food protection, (2002); 65(11): 1687-1693.

Domınguez C, Gomez I, Zumalacarregui J. Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in retail chicken meat in Spain. International Journal of Food Microbiology, (2002); 72(1-2): 165-168.

Antunes P, Réu C, Sousa JC, Peixe L, Pestana N. Incidence of Salmonella from poultry products and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. International journal of food microbiology, (2003); 82(2):97-103.

Cardinale E, Gros-Claude P, David J, Tall F, Cisse M, Guèye EH, Salvat G. Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in retail chicken carcasses in Senegal. Revue Elv. Med. Vet. Pays. Trop. (2003); 56 (1-2): 13-16

Gast, R. K., Shivaprasad, H. L., & Barrow, P. A. Salmonella infections. Diseases of poultry, (2003): 11, 567-613.

Arsenault J, Letellier A, Quessy S, Boulianne M. Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. carcass contamination in broiler chickens slaughtered in Quebec, Canada. Journal of food protection, (2007); 70 (8): 1820-1828.

Elsafi HH, Elmadiena MN, El Hussein AA, Siddig MM, Muckle CA, Cole L, Mistry K. Salmonella Umbadah: A new Salmonella serovar isolated from cattle in Sudan. Tropical animal health and production, (2009); 41(7): 1605.

Yagoub SO, Oshi NA, Ibtisam EM. Isolation and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of Salmonella paratyphi from cheese in Khartoum (Sudan). Research Journal of Microbiology, (2010); 5(8): 740-744.

Ibrahim SM, Abdelgadir MA, Sulieman AM. Impact of Halal and Non-halal Slaughtering on the Microbiological Characteristics of Broiler Chicken Meat and Sausages. Food and Public Health, (2014); 4(5): 223-228.

Zhao C, Ge B, De Villena J, Sudler R, Yeh E, Zhao S, White D, Wanger D, Meng J. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the Greater Washington, DC, area. Appl Environ Microbiol. (2001); 67(12): 5431-6.

Woldemariam E, Molla B, Alemayehu D, Muckle A. Prevalence and distribution of Salmonella in apparently healthy slaughtered sheep and goats in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. Small Ruminant Research, (2005); 58(1):19-24.

Waldroup AL. Contamination of raw poultry with pathogens. World's Poultry Science Journal, (1996); 52(1): 7-25.

Mishu B, Koehler J, Lee LA, Rodrigue D, Brenner FH, Blake P, Tauxe RV. Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis infections in the United States, 1985-1991. Journal of Infectious Diseases, (1994); 169(3): 547-552.

Mamoun IE, Khalafalla AI, Bakhiet MR, Agab HA, Sabiel YA. Salmonella enteritidis infection in the Sudan. Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, (1992); 45(2): 137-138.

Yagoub SO. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. from raw fish sold in fish market in Khartoum state. African Journal of Bacteriology Research, (2009); 1(7): 085-088.

Keller LH, Schifferli DM, Benson CE, Aslam S, Eckroade RJ. Invasion of chicken reproductive tissues and forming eggs is not unique to Salmonella enteritidis. Avian diseases, (1997): 535-539.

Khalifa AK. Studies on Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli Contamination in Poultry Meat Carcasses at an Automatic Slaughter house in Khartoum State. Sudan (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology, (2015).

Sirdar MM. The Sudanese History Statistics and future Investment Challenges University of Pretoria Department in Studies Avi Africa June (2014.

Sirdar MM. Antibiotic residues in commercial layer hens in Khartoum state, Sudan, 2007-2008 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria, (2014).

Cowan ST, Steel KJ. Manual for the identification of medical Bacteria. X und 217 S., 10 Tab. Cambridge University Press 1965. 50.

Harrigan WF. Laboratory methods in food microbiology. Gulf Professional Publishing. Published by Academic Press 1998-09-28 (1998). ISBN 10: 0123260434 I

Juneja VK, Eblen BS, Ransom GM. Thermal inactivation of Salmonella spp. in chicken broth, beef, pork, turkey, and chicken: Determination of D‐and Z‐values. Journal of Food Science, (2001); 66 (1): 146-152.

IDPH, Illinois Department of Public Health . Salmonella. Available at: http://www. idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbsam.htm. Accessed by 15 Nov., (2019).

Van Hoorebeke SV. The Effect of Different Housing Systems on Salmonella and Antimicrobial Resistance in Laying Hens. (PhD), Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (2010).

Salsbury P. Progress Reports from the Workgroups; Proceedings of Partnership for Food Protection; Washington, USA. (2012); 21 March 2012: p. 7.

Hilbert F, Smulders FJ., Chopra-Dewasthaly R, Paulsen P. Salmonella in the wildlife-human interface. Food Research International, (2012): 45(2): 603-608.

Ejo M, Garedew L, Alebachew Z, Worku W. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animal-origin food items in Gondar, Ethiopia. BioMed research international, (2016).

Kebede A, Kemal J, Alemayehu H, Habte Mariam S. Isolation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Salmonella from slaughtered bovines and ovines in Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. International journal of bacteriology, (2016); Article ID 3714785.

Heredia N, García S. Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: A review. Animal nutrition, (2018); 4(3): 250-255.

Hassan AR, Salam HS, Abdel-Latef GK. Serological identification and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler carcasses and human stools in Beni-Suef, Egypt. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (2016); 5(2): 202-207.

Maharjan M, Joshi V, Joshi DD, Manandhar P. Prevalence of Salmonella species in various raw meat samples of a local market in Kathmandu. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, (2006); 1081(1): 249-256.

Van Nierop W, Duse AG, Marais E, Aithma N, Thothobolo N, Kassel M, Stewarta R. Potgietera A, Fernandesa B, Galpinb JS, Bloomfield SF. Contamination of chicken carcasses in Gauteng, South Africa, by Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter. International Journal of Food Microbiology, (2005); 99(1): 1-6.

Hoelzer K, Switt AI, Wiedmann M. Animal contact as a source of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis. Veterinary research, (2011); 42(1): 34.

Ozbey G, Ertas HB. Salmonella spp. isolation from chicken samples and identification by polymerase chain reaction. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, (2006); 9(1): 67-73.

Uyttendaele MR, Debevere JM, Lips RM, Neyts KD. Prevalence of Salmonella in poultry carcasses and their products in Belgium. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 1998; 40(1-2): 1-8.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.