Biofilm Detection in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae via Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods in Diverse Clinical Isolates

Taghreed Tahseen Omaran, Saba Jasim Jawad Alzubaidy

Abstract


Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a virulent pathogen that is resistant to several classes of antibiotics and has been responsible for severe hospital- and community-acquired infections. Physiologically found within the human gut, it can induce opportunistic infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and wound/burn infection. It is possible to isolate it from several clinical sources.

Methods: 190 samples were collected from different health centers of Diyala Governorate between September 2022 and January 2023. These health centers were Baquba Teaching Hospital, Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital, Consulting clinic, Burn and Wound wards, and Educational Laboratories.

Results: Biochemical tests and the VITEK® 2 compact system identified K. pneumoniae in 26.3% (n = 50) of isolates, with 34.0% (n = 17) being multidrug-resistant (MDR). MDR K. pneumoniae showed resistance to CTX (60%), MEM (48%), AMP (100%), AMC (68%), ATM (46%), CAZ (70%), IPM (40%), AK (38%), LEV (30%), CIP (38%), and SXT (60%). All 17 MDR isolates formed biofilms (100%) via the Microtiter Plate Method, with 76.48% (n = 13) being moderate and 23.52% (n = 4) strong producers. Molecular detection revealed 100% positivity for luxS and mrkD genes, and 41.17% (n = 7) for traT.

Conclusion: MDR K. pneumoniae with robust biofilm production, virulence genes, and high-level antimicrobial resistance creates significant infection control issues. Clonal hospital spread is indicated by the genetic similarity, and further epidemiologic studies are necessary to fully understand the strain behavior.

Keywords: MDR, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Virulence Factors Genes, Biofilm


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i3.2015

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