Feasibility analysis of bioethanol produced from Ceratophyllum demersum L. aquatic weed utilizing solar energy
Abstract
Background: Biofuels have gained significant attention due to the growing demand for sustainable energy and concerns over greenhouse gas emissions. A promising candidate is Ceratophyllum demersum L., a nuisance aquatic weed common in Iraqi water systems, which potentially can be utilized in the generation of bioethanol.
Methods: In this study, the possibility of using Ceratophyllum demersum L. as raw material for the generation of ethanol was investigated through the process of acid hydrolysis accompanied by fermentation. To test the accuracy and reliability of the data, the experiments were repeated in duplicate. Solar pond systems have also been utilized to provide heat for the pre-treatment and fermentation process, hence reducing the requirement for conventional sources of energy.
Results: The findings revealed that Ceratophyllum demersum L. has high potential to serve as a feedstock for bioethanol production. The highest concentration of ethanol in the first trial was 82.48% at a 3M acid concentration and 2.5% substrate quantity and was 89.80% under the same conditions in the second trial. The ethanol yield represents percentage purity (v/v) determined post-fermentation.
Conclusion: The study findings affirm that Ceratophyllum demersum L. is a potential raw material for the production of bioethanol. Furthermore, the combination of solar thermal systems with biomass treatment maximizes overall efficiency in energy. By so doing, this strategy lessens traditional energy requirements while striving for ecological and economic sustainability through the harvesting of untapped plant material and the harnessing of solar heat, fundamental aspects to the sustainability of bioethanol production.
Keywords: Bioethanol, Solar Thermal Energy, Biofuel, Ceratophyllum demersum L.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i3.2230
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