The Clinical Significance of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome for the Health of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Sarah Ibraheem Dheidan, Batool Al-Ghurabi, Raja Hadi Al- Jubouri, Osama Saad Madhloom

Abstract


Background: A recurring autoimmune disease with severe inflammation and joint destruction resulting from an immune-mediated inflammatory reaction is of concern these days, known as Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It induces intracellular multi-protein signaling hubs, or inflammasomes, linked to pathogen sensing and triggering inflammatory processes in healthy and sick individuals. The Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) protein forms an inflammasome complex that regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin-1Beta and 18. Nowadays, numerous experimental agents have been studied for investigating various approaches to improve rheumatoid arthritis treatment, including pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inhibitors.

Methods: The current case-control experimental work involved 82 subjects separated into 3 groups: 22 patients were newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients taking methotrexate (MTX), and 30 healthy subjects. The samples of saliva were obtained from all specimens, and the salivary inflammasome levels (NLRP3) were detected using ELISA.

Results: The study discovered a significant increase in salivary pyrin domain-containing 3 in patient groups in comparison with the healthy group (control). However, the results discovered that no noteworthy variance (p>0.05) was observed in salivary NLRP3 level between the newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis group and the rheumatoid arthritis patients in the methotrexate treatment group.

Conclusion: The study suggested that the elevated level of NLRP3 has a significant impact on disease etiology and could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis, and could be targeted for the treatment of RA by developing novel and beneficial agents.

Keywords: NLRP3, Inflammasomes, Rheumatoid arthritis, MTX


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i3.2682

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