Effective treatment strategies against Ebola virus

Amina Yaqoob, Umara Shehzad, Zarnab Ahmad, Nadia Naseer, Saliha Bashir

Abstract


Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of order Mononegavirales is most famous for causing the endemics of hemorrhagic fever in different countries of the world. Various effective treatment for EBOV are available presently but different clinical trials and experimental studies on animal models are ongoing for this purpose. Results from different studies showed that selective vaccines and therapeutic drugs have potential to interfere the viral life events within host cell in order to inhibit its replication. Various pre-clinical trials in this regard are proved successful on non-human primates (NHPs) and found to be significant in inhibiting EBOV infections. It is the need of hour to develop effective vaccines against Ebola virus to combat this problem as soon as possible. The present article is a brief review on potential treatment strategies against Ebola virus.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Mohamadzadeh M, Chen L, Schmaljohn AL. How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology, (2007); 7(7): 556-567.

Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Jahrling PB, Larsen T, Geisbert JB, et al. Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys. The Lancet, (2003); 362(9400): 1953-1958.

Towner JS, Sealy TK, Khristova ML, Albariño CG, Conlan S, et al. Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. PLoS Pathogens, (2008); 4(11): e1000212.

Qiu X, Alimonti JB, Melito PL, Fernando L, Ströher U, et al. Characterization of Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies. Clinical immunology, (2011); 141(2): 218-227.

Bente D, Gren J, Strong JE, Feldmann H. Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses. Disease Models & Mechanisms, (2009); 2(1-2): 12.

Lee JE, Fusco ML, Hessell AJ, Oswald WB, Burton DR, et al. Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an antibody from a human survivor. Nature, (2008); 454(7201): 177-182.

Hood CL, Abraham J, Boyington JC, Leung K, Kwong PD, et al. Biochemical and structural characterization of cathepsin L-processed Ebola virus glycoprotein: implications for viral entry and immunogenicity. Journal of Virology, (2010); 84(6): 2972-2982.

Leung LW, Park M-S, Martinez O, Valmas C, López CB, et al. Ebolavirus VP35 suppresses IFN production from conventional but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunology and Cell Biology, (2011); 89(7): 792-802.

Aronson JF (2014) Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Viruses and the Lung: Springer. pp. 123-132.

Wauquier N, Becquart P, Padilla C, Baize S, Leroy EM. Human fatal zaire ebola virus infection is associated with an aberrant innate immunity and with massive lymphocyte apoptosis. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, (2010); 4(10): e837.

Hensley LE, Young HA, Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW. Proinflammatory response during Ebola virus infection of primate models: possible involvement of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Immunology letters, (2002); 80(3): 169-179.

Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Gibb TR, Steele KE, Jaax NK, et al. Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses. Laboratory Investigation, (2000); 80(2): 171-186.

Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Larsen T, Young HA, Reed DS, et al. Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection. The American Journal of Pathology, (2003); 163(6): 2347-2370.

Geisbert TW, Young HA, Jahrling PB, Davis KJ, Kagan E, et al. Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/macrophages is a key event. Journal of Infectious Diseases, (2003); 188(11): 1618-1629.

Geisbert TW, Young HA, Jahrling PB, Davis KJ, Larsen T, et al. Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in primate models: evidence that hemorrhage is not a direct effect of virus-induced cytolysis of endothelial cells. The American Journal of Pathology, (2003); 163(6): 2371-2382.

Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, Leung A, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Hensley LE, et al. Single-injection vaccine protects nonhuman primates against infection with marburg virus and three species of ebola virus. Journal of Virology, (2009); 83(14): 7296-7304.

Prins KC, Delpeut S, Leung DW, Reynard O, Volchkova VA, et al. Mutations abrogating VP35 interaction with double-stranded RNA render Ebola virus avirulent in guinea pigs. Journal of Virology, (2010); 84(6): 3004-3015.

Basler CF. Portrait of a killer: genome of the 2014 EBOV outbreak strain. Cell Host & Microbe, (2014); 16(4): 419-421.

Changula K, Kajihara M, Mweene AS, Takada A. Ebola and Marburg virus diseases in Africa: Increased risk of outbreaks in previously unaffected areas? Microbiology and Immunology, (2014); 58(9): 483-491.

Gehring G, Rohrmann K, Atenchong N, Mittler E, Becker S, et al. The clinically approved drugs amiodarone, dronedarone and verapamil inhibit filovirus cell entry. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, (2014); 69(8): 2123-2131.

Picazo E, Giordanetto F. Small molecule inhibitors of ebola virus infection. Drug Discovery Today, (2015); 20(2): 277-286.

Haque A, Hober D, Blondiaux J. Addressing therapeutic options for Ebola virus infection in current or future outbreaks. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, (2015); 01105-01115.

Johansen LM, Brannan JM, Delos SE, Shoemaker CJ, Stossel A, et al. FDA-approved selective estrogen receptor modulators inhibit ebola virus infection. Science Translational Medicine, (2013); 5(190): 190ra179-190ra179.

Ng M, Ndungo E, Jangra RK, Cai Y, Postnikova E, et al. Cell entry by a novel European filovirus requires host endosomal cysteine proteases and Niemann–Pick C1. Virology, (2014); 468637-646.

Gehring G, Rohrmann K, Atenchong N, Mittler E, Becker S, et al. The clinically approved drugs amiodarone, dronedarone and verapamil inhibit filovirus cell entry. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, (2014); dku091.

Uebelhoer LS, Albariño CG, McMullan LK, Chakrabarti AK, Vincent JP, et al. High-throughput, luciferase-based reverse genetics systems for identifying inhibitors of Marburg and Ebola viruses. Antiviral Research, (2014); 10686-94.

Lai KY, Ng WYG, Cheng FF. Human Ebola virus infection in West Africa: a review of available therapeutic agents that target different steps of the life cycle of Ebola virus. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, (2014); 343.

Warren TK, Wells J, Panchal RG, Stuthman KS, Garza NL, et al. Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430. Nature, (2014); 508(7496): 402-405.

De Clercq E. Ebola virus (EBOV) infection: Therapeutic strategies. Biochemical Pharmacology, (2015); 93(1): 1-10.

Oestereich L, Lüdtke A, Wurr S, Rieger T, Muñoz-Fontela C, et al. Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model. Antiviral Research, (2014); 10517-21.

Akhtar A, Befkadu E, Basu P, Kumar P. Exposing the Origins of the Ebola Outbreak: Urging for a Shift in Response from Reactive to Proactive. American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, (2014); 2(6A): 1-18.

Stahelin RV. Could the Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 be a drug target? Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, (2014); 18(2): 115-120.

Hoenen T, Biedenkopf N, Zielecki F, Jung S, Groseth A, et al. Oligomerization of Ebola virus VP40 is essential for particle morphogenesis and regulation of viral transcription. Journal of Virology, (2010); 84(14): 7053-7063.

Kühl A, Banning C, Marzi A, Votteler J, Steffen I, et al. The Ebola virus glycoprotein and HIV-1 Vpu employ different strategies to counteract the antiviral factor tetherin. Journal of Infectious Diseases, (2011); 204(suppl 3): S850-S860.

Chang J, Block TM, Guo J-T. Antiviral therapies targeting host ER alpha-glucosidases: current status and future directions. Antiviral Research, (2013); 99(3): 251-260.

Ye L, Yang C. Development of vaccines for prevention of Ebola virus infection. Microbes and Infection, (2015); 17(2): 98-108.

Huttner A, Dayer J-A, Yerly S, Combescure C, Auderset F, et al. The effect of dose on the safety and immunogenicity of the VSV Ebola candidate vaccine: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, (2015).

Cooper CL, Bavari S. A race for an Ebola vaccine: promises and obstacles. Trends in Microbiology, (2014); 201-2.

Wong G, Richardson JS, Cutts T, Qiu X, Kobinger GP. Intranasal immunization with an adenovirus vaccine protects guinea pigs from Ebola virus transmission by infected animals. Antiviral Research, (2015); 11617-19.

Motterlini R, Foresti R. Heme oxygenase-1 as a target for drug discovery. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, (2014); 20(11): 1810-1826.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.