A Review on the impacts of Azadirachta indica on Multi-drug Resistant Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-positive of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia

Abstract

Neem trees have long been considered the holy grail of holistic and nature-based treatments. The medicinal properties that constituents of the trees possess to range from traits that are immunomodulatory to traits combat different disease and infections such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, to insulating properties that include cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. The role of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase positive (ESBL+) bacteria in the occurrence and recurrence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) infections, particularly in the Gulf region has been studied extensively. However, suggested treatment methods have had little success due to a variety of factors which include drug resistance, the inability of doctors to calculate the optimal duration for treatment, which has resulted in wrong antibiotic prescriptions, as well as lack of understanding of how UTIs work and thrive in different demographics/ populations which again, results in inappropriate antibiotic treatment of the disease. These discoveries raised the issue of professionals needing better training and education in issues to do with UTIs amongst different demographics of people. In this investigation, the medicinal and pharmacological properties of A. indica from neem leaves were assessed by studying how they affected the activity of ESBL+ bacteria, based on literature from similar studies. The goal and objective of this study were to see if ESBL+ bacteria persisted in the presence of A. Indica from leaf extract, as well as gaining an understanding of the factors that affected the persistence and subsequent treatment of the bacteria using A. indica.

Keywords: Azadirachta indica; Neem; UTI; ESBL; E. coli; K. Pneumoniae