Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Berberis vulgaris Extract

Attequr Rahman, Abdur Rauf, Bakhtiar Ali, Mohib Ullah, Murad Ali, Sidra Ahmad, Farman Ullah, Hamza Iqbal, Maaz Iqbal, Mian Afaq Ahmad

Abstract


Background: Plants are main source of various bioactive compounds that possess great medicinal importance and have gained much popularity for therapeutics due to their less side effects. A diverse category of plants is present to be explored and evaluated for the treatment of different bacterial infection. In the current work, Berberis vulgaris extract in various solvents was evaluated for its phytochemical properties and antimicrobial potential against six different pathogenic bacterial strains.

Methods: Different phytochemical tests were carried out to analyze the plant for active biocomponents. The disc diffusion method was used to screen the plant for different pathogenic bacterial strains. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various plant bioactive compounds (alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and proteins) in variable amount.

Results: Among all solvents extracts, butanoic and aqueous fraction showed abundant presence of bioactive compounds, while n-hexane showed least intensity of various phytochemicals. For antimicrobial potential, methanolic and butanoic fractions showed maximum growth inhibition against all strains tested at 1.5mg disc-1. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane also showed better activity against all tested bacteria at all concentrations. The most susceptible microbe was Bacillus subtilis. These results further revealed that least activity was recorded by water extracted solvent and showed no activity against Staphylococcus aureus at all concentrations.

Conclusion: The current work highlights the apparent antimicrobial potential of extract derived from of Berberis vulgaris. This plant may be explored for further activities and can be used for the production of antibiotics.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Gunnar S, Bohlin L. Drugs of Natural Origin, A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Swedish Pharmaceutical society, (1999): 56(17): 99-121.

Sheikh N, Kumar Y, Misra A, Pfoze L. Phytochemical screening to validate the ethnobotanical importance of root tubers of Dioscorea species of Meghalaya, North East India. Journal of Medicinal Plants, (2013); 1(6): 62-69.

Okpekon T, Yolou S, Gleye C, Roblot F, Loiseau P, et al. Antiparasitic activities of medicinal plants used in Ivory Coast. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2004); 90(1): 91-97.

Fair RJ, Tor Y. Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry, (2014); 6PMC. S14459.

Eloff J, Famakin J, Katerere D. Combretum woodii (Combretaceae) leaf extracts have high activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology, (2005); 4(10): 215-233.

Doughari J, Obidah J. Antibacterial potentials of stem bark extracts of Leptadenia lancifolia against some pathogenic bacteria. Pharmacologyonline, (2008); 3172-180.

Stermitz FR, Beeson TD, Mueller PJ, Hsiang J-F, Lewis K. Staphylococcus aureus MDR efflux pump inhibitors from a Berberis and a Mahonia (sensu strictu) species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, (2001); 29(8): 793-798.

Freile M, Giannini F, Sortino M, Zamora M, Juárez A, et al. Antifungal activity of aqueous extracts and of berberine isolated from Berberis heterophylla. Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense, (2006); 25(1): 83-101.

Grebe HB, Gregory PJ. Inhibition of warfarin anticoagulation associated with chelation therapy. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, (2002); 22(8): 1067-1069.

Shamsa F, Ahmadiani A, Khosrokhavar R. Antihistaminic and anticholinergic activity of barberry fruit (Berberis vulgaris) in the guinea-pig ileum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (1999); 64(2): 161-166.

Gorval L, Grishkovets V. State Nikitskii botanical garden, Yalta. Ukraine Chem Nat Compd Consultants Bureau, (1999); 116(9): 35223-224.

M Saeed A, Najma S, Saima Sher B. Multivariate calibrations in UV spectrophotometric analysis. (2007); 51(23): 234-249.

Rabbani G, Butler T, Knight J, Sanyal S, Alam K. Randomized controlled trial of berberine sulfate therapy for diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. Journal of Infectious Diseases, (1987); 155(5): 979-984.

Mahato SB, Sen S. Advances in triterpenoid research, 1990–1994. Phytochemistry, (1997); 44(7): 1185-1236.

Hérouart D, Sangwan R, Fliniaux M, Sangwan-Norreel B. Variations in the leaf alkaloid content of androgenic diploid plants of Datura innoxia. Planta medica, (1988); 54(1): 14-17.

Singh H, Batish D, Kaur S, Kohli R. Phytotoxic interference of Ageratum conyzoides with wheat (Triticum aestivum). Journal of agronomy and crop science, (2003); 189(5): 341-346.

Mungole A, Day S, Kamble R, Kanfade H, Chaturvedi A, et al. Active phytochemical and antibacterial potentiality of in-vitro regenerated plantlets of Canscora decurrens (Dalzell). Indian Journal of Science and Technology, (2010); 6679-683.

Shad AA, Bakht J, Shah HU, Hayat Y. Antioxidant activity and nutritional assessment of under-utilized medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (2016); 29(6): 2039-2045.

Siddiqui AA, Ali M Practical pharmaceutical chemistry. Chapter: Book Name. 1997 of publication; CBS Publishers & Distributors.

Trease G, Evans W (1989) Pharmacognsy. 11th edn. Brailliar Tiridel Can. Macmillian publishers.

Bakht J, Khan S, Shafi M. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Allium cepa (dry bulbs) against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Pak Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (2014); 27(1): 139-145.

Bakht J, Panni MK, Shafi M. Antimicrobial potential and phyto chemical analysis of different solvent extracted samples of viola pilosa. Pakistan Journal of Botany, (2017); 49(4): 1485-1489.

Vishal A, Parveen K, Pooja S, Kannappan N, Kumar S. Diuretic, laxative and toxicity Studies of Viola odorata aerial parts. Pharmacol online, (2009); 11(2): 1739-748.

Adhikary P, Roshan K, Kayastha D, Thapa D, Shrestha R, et al. Phytochemical screening and anti-microbial properties of medicinal plants of Dhunkharka community, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, (2011); 2(6): 1663-1667.

Lenza VA, Morel LJ, Coppede JS, Fernandes VC, Martinez-Rossi NM, et al. Antimicrobial activities of ethanol extract and coumestans from Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.(Asteraceae). Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, (2009); 28(6): 863-868.

Rahman MS, Rashid MA. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Eclipta prostrata. Advances in Traditional Medicine, (2008); 8(1): 47-52.

Bakht J, Islam A, Ali H, Tayyab M, Shafi M. Antimicrobial potentials of Eclipta alba by disc diffusion method. African Journal of Biotechnology, (2011); 10(39): 7658-7667.

Wiart C, Mogana S, Khalifah S, Mahan M, Ismail S, et al. Antimicrobial screening of plants used for traditional medicine in the state of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Fitoterapia, (2004); 75(1): 68-73.

Dalal S, Kataria SK, Sastry K, Rana S. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract and antibacterial activity of active principles of hepatoprotective herb, Eclipta alba. Ethnobotanical leaflets, (2010); 10(3): 3-15.

Ahmad N, Shinwari ZK, Hussain J, Ahmad I, Perveen R, et al. Phytochemical screening and biological activities of different parts of Centaurea montana. International Journal of Plant Science and Ecology, (2015); 1237-240.

Xie C, Kokubun T, Houghton PJ, Simmonds MS. Antibacterial activity of the Chinese traditional medicine, Zi Hua Di Ding. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, (2004); 18(6): 497-500.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.