Knowledge, attitude, and practices on human myiasis with spatial modeling of human risk of exposure to Oestrus ovis among shepherds/ people in Ilam province, southwest of Iran

Morteza Akbari, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Javad Rafinejad, Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd, Soraya Sheikhi, Ali Ashraf Aivazi

Abstract


Background: Myiasis is the infestation of humans or other animals with the larvae of flies that occurs in the tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of the population at risk about myiasis and to infer potential risk areas of human myiasis due to the environmental suitability for Oestrus ovis in the Ilam province of Iran.

Methods: This study was conducted from April to June 2020 among the myiasis-infested shepherds in Ilam province. The data were collected by a questionnaire. Maximum Entropy (Maxent) niche modeling was used to predict the environmental suitability for O. ovis.

Results: The level of awareness of the people of Ilam province on myiasis was generally good, while a small percentage of them had poor information about this disease (1.62%). Mean Diurnal range and isothermality revealed the highest and lowest share on the MaxEnt model, respectively.  The elevation variable had the most permutation in the model for predicting the environmental suitability for O. ovis. The best ecological niches for this fly were in the northern parts of the study area.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that due to background knowledge of the involved people in exposure to oral myiasis agent, O. ovis, conducting some preventive measures based on improving their knowledge, attitude, and practices could be useful for reducing the risk of the disease in the area. On the other hand, the suitable areas for the establishment of O. ovis which has been clarified with the model could be used for focusing on the preventive measures in the area.

Keywords: Modeling; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice; Human Myiasis; Iran 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Alizadeh M, Mowlavi G, Kargar F, Nateghpour M, Akbarzadeh K, et al. A review of myiasis in Iran and a new nosocomial case from Tehran, Iran. Journal of Arthropod-borne Diseases, (2014); 8(2): 124.

Ramana K. Human myiasis. Journal of Medical Microbiol Diagnosis, (2012); 1e105.

Andreatta E, Bonavina L. Wound myiasis in Western Europe: prevalence and risk factors in a changing climate scenario. European Surgery, (2021); 1-6.

Ward RD (2008) Service MW: Medical entomology for students. Springer.

Akbarzadeh K, Rafinejad J, Alipour H, Biglarian A. Human myiasis in Fars province, Iran. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicineand Public Health, (2012); 43(5): 1205.

Horak IG. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLVI. Oestrid fly larvae of sheep, goats, springbok and black wildebeest in the Eastern Cape Province. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, (2005); 72(4): 315-320.

Akbarzadeh K, Saghafipour A, Jesri N, Karami-Jooshin M, Arzamani K, et al. Spatial distribution of necrophagous flies of infraorder muscomorpha in Iran using geographical information system. Journal of Medical Entomology, (2018); 55(5): 1071-1085.

Hazratian T, Dolatkhah A, Akbarzadeh K, Khosravi M, Ghasemikhah R. A Review of Human Myiasis in Iran With an Emphasis on Reported Cases. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, (2020); 2(16): 269-274.

Hazratian T, Tagizadeh A, Chaichi M, Abbasi M. Pharyngeal myiasis caused by sheep botfly, Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) larva, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran: a case report. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, (2017); 11(1): 166.

Jafari Shoorijeh S, Jola GM. Efficacy of ivermectin against Oestrus ovis in sheep. Scientific Journal of School of Veterinary Medicine, (2001); 6: 16-29.

Masoudi M, Hosseini K. External ophthalmomyiasis caused by sheep botfly (Oestrus ovis) larva: a report of 8 cases, (2004); 7(2): 136-139.

Shoorijeh JS, Tamadon A, Negahban S, Behzadi M. Prevalence of Oestrus ovis in goats of Shiraz, southern Iran. Veterinarski arhiv, (2011); 81(1): 43-49.

Tavassoli M, Tajik H, Malekifard F, Soleimanzadeh A, Mardani K. Seasonal infestation of oestrus ovis larvae in slaughtered sheep in Urmia, Iran. Iranian Veterinary Journal, (2012); 7: 73-78.

Akbari M, Rafinejad J, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Aivazi AA, Biglarian A, et al. Human myiasis survey in Ilam Province, Southwest of Iran. Nusantara Bioscience, (2020); 12(2): 143-147.

Meade MS. Medical geography. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society, (2014); 1375-1381.

Peterson AT. Ecologic niche modeling and spatial patterns of disease transmission. Emerging Infectious Diseases, (2006); 12(12): 1822.

Carvalho B, Rangel E, Vale M. Evaluation of the impacts of climate change on disease vectors through ecological niche modelling. Bulletin of Entomological Research, (2017); 107(4): 419-430.

Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling, (2006); 190(3-4): 231-259.

Pampiglione S, Giannetto S, Virga A. Persistence of human myiasis by Oestrus ovis L.(Diptera: Oestridae) among shepherds of the Etnean area (Sicily) for over 150 years. Parassitologia, (1997); 39(4):415-418

Akbarzadeh K, Rafinejad J, Nozari J, Rassi Y, Sedaghat MM, et al. A modified trap for adult sampling of medically important flies (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Arthropod-borne Diseases, (2012); 6(2): 119.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.