Effects of Salinity Stress on Growth and Physio-biochemical Parameters of Three Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivars of Different Maturity Duration

Fatima Ishrat, Humera Afrasiab, Firdaus-e-Bareen Bareen, Farman Ahmad Chaudhury

Abstract


Background: Salinity is one of the leading abiotic stresses that negatively affects the growth of many important food crops and significantly reduces the productivity and yield value.

Methods: The present study was conducted to study the effects of NaCl stress on three pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (Climax, Lina Pak and Pea-267) of different maturity level (Late, early, and mid-season flowering) under In vitro conditions. Two weeks old In vitro grown shoots of three pea cultivars were subjected to stress condition in MS medium supplemented with five levels of NaCl (0, 20, 40, 80 and 100mM NaCl) for one month and different morphological and physio-biochemical traits including length of shoot, number of leaves, shoot biomass, chlorophyll, proline and total phenolic content, total proteins and non-enzymatic antioxidant (DPPH) activities were studied.

Results: The results were analyzed using different statistical approaches (ANOVA, MNOVA, PCA, correlation and regression) to identify the tolerance level of each genotype. Shoot length and shoot fresh weight were increased at 20 and 40mM in Climax, while proline content progressively increased with an increase in stress concentration in all the genotypes. Total protein content increased in cvs. Climax and Pea-267 and  decreased in Lina Pak above 20mM and DPPH was increased in Climax and Pea-267 at 20 and 40mM, while in Lina Pak it showed an increase at only 20mM NaCl concentration. According to the results of MNOVA and regression analysis, significant changes occurred in biomass, proline content and DPPH values. A strong positive correlation of shoot dry weight was found with total phenolic and proline content. Maximum value of stress tolerance index was recorded for Climax.

Conclusion: Biplot analysis clustered cvs. Climax and Pea-267 cultivars into tolerant group and Lina Pak in sensitive group based on the mean performance of studied parameters to NaCl stress and control treatments.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abid M, Zhang YJ, Li Z, Bai DF, Zhong YP, Fang JB. Effect of salt stress on growth, physiological and biochemical characters of four kiwifruit genotypes: Scientia Horticulturae, (2020); 271: 109473.

Afzal M, Alghamdi SS, Migdadi HH, El-Harty E, Al-Faifi SA. Agronomical and physiological responses of Faba bean genotypes to salt stress: Agriculture, (2022); 12(2): 235.

Ahanger MA, Tomar NS, Tittal M, Argal S, Agarwal R. Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, (2017); 23(4): 731-744.

Ahmad P, John R, Sarwat M, Umar S. Responses of proline, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes in two varieties of Pisum sativum L. under salt stress: International Journal of Plant Production, (2012); 2(4): 353-366.

Arbona V, Manzi M, Zandalinas SI, Vives-Peris V, Perez-Clemente RM, Gomez-Cadenas A. Physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses of plants to abiotic stress. In: Stress Signaling in Plants: Genomics and Proteomics Perspective, (2017); 2:1-35.

Arnon DI. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris: Plant Physiology, (1949); 24: 1-15.

Arzu KOSE, Onder O, Bilir O, Kosar F. Application of multivariate statistical analysis for breeding strategies of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): Turkish Journal of Field Crops, (2018); 23(1): 12-19.

Ashraf MPJC, Harris PJC. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants: Plant Science, (2004); 166(1): 3-16.

Ashraf MA, Ashraf MUHAMMAD, Ali Q. Response of two genetically diverse wheat cultivars to salt stress at different growth stages: leaf lipid peroxidation and phenolic contents: Pakistan Journal of Botany, (2010); 42(1): 559-565.

Ayala-Astorga GI, Alcaraz-Meléndez, L. Salinity effects on protein content, lipid peroxidation, pigments, and proline in Paulownia imperialis (Siebold & Zuccarini) and Paulownia fortunei (Seemann & Hemsley) grown in vitro: Electronic Journal of Biotechnology; (2010); 13(5): 13-14.

Banu MNA, Hoque MA, Watanabe-Sugimoto M, Matsuoka K, Nakamura Y, Shimoishi Y, Murata Y. Proline and glycine-betaine induce antioxidant defense gene expression and suppress cell death in cultured tobacco cells under salt stress: Journal of Plant Physiology, (2009); 166(2): 146-156.

Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies: Plant Soil, (1973) 39: 205–207.

Borgo L, Marur CJ, Vieira LGE. Effects of high proline accumulation on chloroplast and mitochondrial ultrastructure and on osmotic adjustment in tobacco plants. Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy, (1973); 37: 191-199.

Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding: Analytical Biochemistry, (1976); 72(1-2): 248-254.

Cai ZQ, Gao Q. Comparative physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in five contrasting highland quinoa cultivars: BMC Plant Biology, (2020); 20(1): 1-15.

Castillo EG, Tuong TP, Ismail AM, Inubushi K. Response to salinity in rice: Comparative effects of osmotic and ionic stresses: Plant Production Science, (2007); 10(2): 159-170.

Chen H, Jiang JG. Osmotic adjustment and plant adaptation to environmental changes related to drought and salinity: Environmental Reviews, (2010): 18(NA); 309-319.

Colmenero-Flores JM, Franco-Navarro JD, Cubero-Font P, Peinado-Torrubia P, Rosales MA. Chloride as a beneficial macronutrient in higher plants: new roles and regulation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, (2019); 20(19): 4686.

Dar MI, Naikoo MI, Rehman F, Naushin F, Khan FA. Proline accumulation in plants: roles in stress tolerance and plant development. In: Osmolytes and plants acclimation to changing environment: Emerging omics technologies, (2016); 155-166. Springer, New Delhi.

Fedina IS, Georgieva K, Grigorova I. Light-dark changes in proline content of barley leaves under salt stress: Biologia Plantarum, (2002); 45(1): 59-63.

Fernandez, GC. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Proceeding of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress: Aug 13-16; Shenhua, Taiwan, (1992): 257-270.

Flowers TJ, Munns R, Colmer TD. Sodium chloride toxicity and the cellular basis of salt tolerance in halophytes: Annals of Botany, (2015); 115(3): 419-431.

Geilfus CM. Chloride: From nutrient to toxicant: Plant and Cell Physiology, (2018); 59(5): 877-886.

Guo Q, Liu L, Rupasinghe TW, Roessner U, Barkla BJ. Salt stress alters membrane lipid content and lipid biosynthesis pathways in the plasma membrane and tonoplast:

Plant Physiology, (2022); 189(2): 805-826.

Gyamfi MA, Yonamine M, Aniya Y. (1999). Free-radical scavenging action of medicinal herbs from Ghana: Thonningia sanguinea on experimentally induced liver injuries. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 32(6): 661-667.

Hattab S, Dridi B, Chouba L, Kheder MB, Bousetta H. (2009). Photosynthesis and growth responses of pea Pisum sativum L. under heavy metals stress: Journal of Environmental Science, 21(11): 1552-1556.

Huang P, de-Bashan L. Evidence that fresh weight measurement is imprecise for reporting the effect of plant growth-promoting (rhizo) bacteria on growth promotion of crop plants. Biology and Fertility of Soils, (2017); 53: 199-208.

Imai K, Mitaku S. Mechanisms of secondary structure breakers in soluble proteins: Biophysics, (2005); 1: 55-65.

Kamran M, Parveen A, Ahmar S, Malik Z, Hussain S, Chattha, MS, Chen JT. An overview of hazardous impacts of soil salinity in crops, tolerance mechanisms, and

amelioration through selenium supplementation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, (2020); 21(1): 148.

Kasote DM, Katyare SS, Hegde MV, Bae, H. Significance of antioxidant potential of plants and its relevance to therapeutic applications: International Journal of Biological Sciences, (2015); 11(8): 982.

Kavi Kishor PB, Sreenivasulu NESE. Is proline accumulation per se correlated with stress tolerance or is proline homeostasis a more critical issue?: Plant, Cell & Environment, (2014); 37(2): 300-311.

Kazan K, Lyons R. The link between flowering time and stress tolerance: Journal of Experimental Botany, (2016); 67(1): 47-60.

Khalid A, Aftab F. Effect of exogenous application of IAA and GA3 on growth, protein content, and antioxidant enzymes of Solanum tuberosum L. grown in vitro under salt stress: In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, (2020); 56(3): 377-389.

Kumar S, Li G, Yang J, Huang X, Ji Q, Liu Z, Hou H. Effect of salt stress on growth, physiological parameters, and ionic concentration of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) cultivars: Frontiers in Plant Science, (2021);12.

Kumawat KR, Gothwal DK, Singh, D. Salinity tolerance of lentil genotypes based on stress tolerance indices: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, (2017); 6: 1368-1372.

Li W, Zhao FA, Fang W, Xie D, Hou J, Yang X, Lv S. Identification of early salt stress responsive proteins in seedling roots of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) employing iTRAQ-based proteomic technique: Frontiers in Plant Science, (2015); 6: 732.

Machado RMA, Serralheiro RP. Soil salinity: effect on vegetable crop growth. Management practices to prevent and mitigate soil salinization: Horticulturae, (2017); 3(2): 30.

Manchanda G, Garg N. Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes: Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, (2008); 30(5): 595-618.

Miljus-Djukic J, Stanisavljevic N, Radovic S, Jovanovic Z, Mikic A, Maksimovic V. Differential response of three contrasting pea (Pisum arvense, P. sativum and P. fulvum) species to salt stress: Assessment of variation in antioxidative defense and miRNA expression: Australian Journal of Crop Science, (2013); 7(13): 2145-2153

Minh LT, Khang DT, Ha PT, Tuyen PT, Minh TN, Quan NV, Xuan TD. Effects of salinity stress on growth and phenolics of rice (Oryza sativa L.): International Letters of Natural Sciences, (2016); 57.

Misra N, Gupta AK. Effect of salt stress on proline metabolism in two high yielding genotypes of green gram: Plant Science, (2005); 169(2): 331-339.

Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures: Physiologia Plantarum, (1962); 15: 473-97

Okon OG. Effect of salinity on physiological processes in plants. In: Microorganisms in saline environments: Strategies and functions, (2019); 237-262: Springer, Cham.

Ozturk L, Demir Y, Unlukara A, Karatas I, Kurunc A, Duzdemir O. Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll, and proline contents in pea leaves: Romanian Biotechnological Letters, (2012); 17(3): 7227-7236.

Pardo JM, Quintero FJ. Plants and sodium ions: Keeping company with the enemy: Genome Biology, (2002); 3(6): 1-4.

Park HJ, Kim WY, Yun DJ. A role for GIGANTEA: keeping the balance between flowering and salinity stress tolerance: Plant Signaling and Behavior, (2013); 8(7): 24820.

Polash MAS, Sakil MA, Hossain MA. Plants responses and their physiological and biochemical defense mechanisms against salinity: a review: Tropical Plant Research, (2019); 6: 250-274.

Qados AMA. Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba (L.): Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, (2011); 10(1): 7-15.

Ru QM, Xiao Q, Lin P, Pei ZM, Zheng HL. Short-and long-term effects of NaCl on physiological and biochemical characteristics in leaves of a true mangrove Kandelia candel: Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, (2009); 56(3): 363-369.

Sarker U, Oba S. The response of salinity stress-induced A. tricolor to growth, anatomy, physiology, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants: Frontiers in Plant Science, (2020); 11: 559876.

Sharif I, Aleem S, Farooq J, Rizwan M, Younas A, Sarwar G, Chohan SM. Salinity stress in cotton: effects, mechanism of tolerance and its management strategies: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, (2019); 25(4): 807-820.

Shrivastava P, Kumar R. Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation: Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, (2015); 22(2): 123-131.

Singleton V L, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In: Methods in enzymology, (1999): 299; 152-178: Academic Press.

Sivakumar J, Prashanth JEP, Rajesh N, Reddy, SM, Pinjari OB. Principal component analysis approach for comprehensive screening of salt stress-tolerant tomato germplasm at the seedling stage: Journal of Biosciences, (2020); 45(1): 1-11.

Yassin M, El Sabagh A, Mekawy AMM, Islam MS, Hossain A, Barutcular C, Saneoka H. Comparative performance of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under salinity stress: Applied Ecology and Environment Research, (2019): 17(2); 5029-5041.

Yeo AR, Lee ΛS, Izard P, Boursier PJ, Flowers TJ. Short-and long-term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Journal of Experimental Botany, (1991); 42(7): 881-889.

Zhang M, Fang Y, Ji Y, Jiang Z, Wang L. Effects of salt stress on ion content, antioxidant enzymes and protein profile in different tissues of Broussonetia papyrifera: South African Journal of Botany, (2013); 85: 1-9.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.