Gene Profiling for Invertase Activity: Assessment of Potato Varieties for Resistance towards Cold Induced Sweetening

Arfan Ali, Mazhar Iqbal, Qurban Ali, Abdul Razzaq, Idrees Ahmad Nasir

Abstract


Background: Potato is the most important staple food in the world. Cold-induced sweetening occurs when potatoes are stored at low temperature for longer period of time. Due to non- enzymatic Millard reaction it causes unwanted changes in colour, taste and in flavor when fried and roasted at high temperature. However, long-term cold storage is mandatory to keep an adequate supply of potatoes throughout the year. The cause of cold-induced sweetening is invertase enzyme. 

Methods: Five potato varieties (Hermes (A) Lady Rosetta (B) Oscar (C) Kuroda (D) and Multa (E))   were investigated for invertase activity during two month cold storage at 4°C. Crude protein was extracted by PD Midi Trap G25 column technique. Quantification of mRNA expression was employed through QPCR. Determination of sucrose, reducing sugars and organic acids was simply done by 80% ethanol method and concentration were find out by using HPLC with already set standards. The correlation between invertase enzyme, sugar content and mRNA expression was calculated through Statistical methods.

Results: Significant activity of invertase was observed at 4ºC with up to 6.3 nmol/min/mg of protein in the type-1 & 4 (cv. Hermes and Kuroda); 2.5 times less in type 2 (Rosetta) and 3.5 times less in type 3 (Multa) when compared with same at 4ºC. In addition, malic acid concentration was found positively correlated with invertase activity at 4ºC as compared with its concentration at harvesting time. However, citric acid and oxalic acid concentrations were independent of invertase enzyme activity. The transcript level of invertase enzyme was found significantly high in potato tubers stored at 4ºC in result 1 & 4 type, less in result type 2(C) and negligible in result 3(E) potato variety when revealed through reverse transcription PCR.

Conclusions: In conclusion, Oscar (C) and Multa (E) were found more resistant to CIS at 4ºC storage and may be used for future variety improvement programs for CIS resistant through breeding and molecular approaches.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ali A, Jansky S. Fine screening for resistance to cold-induced sweetening in potato hybrids containing Solanum raphanifolium germplasm. Advances in Agriculture, (2015); 2015: 4.

Sowokinos J, Belknap W, Vayda M, Park W. Post-harvest regulation of sucrose accumulation in transgenic potatoes: role and properties of potato tuber UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. The molecular and cellular biology of the potato, (1994); (Ed. 2): 81-106.

Chuda Y, Ono H, Yada H, Ohara-Takada A, Matsuura-Endo C, et al. Effects of physiological changes in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) after low temperature storage on the level of acrylamide formed in potato chips. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, (2003); 67(5): 1188-1190.

Matsuura-Endo C, Kobayashi A, Noda T, Takigawa S, Yamauchi H, et al. Changes in sugar content and activity of vacuolar acid invertase during low-temperature storage of potato tubers from six Japanese cultivars. Journal of plant research, (2004); 117(2): 131-137.

McKenzie MJ, Sowokinos JR, Shea IM, Gupta SK, Lindlauf RR, et al. Investigations on the role of acid invertase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in potato clones with varying resistance to cold-induced sweetening. American Journal of Potato Research, (2005); 82(3): 231-239.

Richardson D, Davies H, Ross H, Mackay GR. Invertase activity and its relation to hexose accumulation in potato tubers. Journal of Experimental Botany, (1990); 41(1): 95-99.

Zrenner R, Schüler K, Sonnewald U. Soluble acid invertase determines the hexose-to-sucrose ratio in cold-stored potato tubers. Planta, (1996); 198(2): 246-252.

Hammond JB, Burrell MM, Kruger NJ. Effect of low temperature on the activity of phosphofructokinase from potato tubers. Planta, (1990); 180(4): 613-616.

Blenkinsop R, Yada R, Marangoni A. Metabolic control of low-temperature sweetening in potato tubers during postharvest storage. Horticultural Reviews, (2004); 30317-354.

Liu X, Cheng S, Liu J, Ou Y, Song B, et al. The potato protease inhibitor gene, St-Inh, plays roles in the cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers by modulating invertase activity. Postharvest Biology and Technology, (2013); 86265-271.

Liu X, Lin Y, Liu J, Song B, Ou Y, et al. StInvInh2 as an inhibitor of StvacINV1 regulates the cold‐induced sweetening of potato tubers by specifically capping vacuolar invertase activity. Plant biotechnology journal, (2013); 11(5): 640-647.

Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, (1976); 72(1-2): 248-254.

Laude TP, Carena MJ. Diallel analysis among 16 maize populations adapted to the northern US Corn Belt for grain yield and grain quality traits. Euphytica, (2014); 200(1): 29-44.

Bracho GE, Whitaker JR. Characteristics of the inhibition of potato (Solanum tuberosum) invertase by an endogenous proteinaceous inhibitor in potatoes. Plant physiology, (1990); 92(2): 381-385.

Steel RG, JH Dickey D Principles and procedures of statistics a biometrical approach. Chapter: Book Name. 1997 of publication; 400-428. WCB/McGraw-Hill.

Burton GW. Quantitative inheritance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Agronomy Journal, (1951); 43(9): 409-417.

Falconer D, Mackay T. I ntroduction to Q uantitative Genetics. Longman, (1995); 19(8): 1.

Ballester A-R, Molthoff J, de Vos R, te Lintel Hekkert B, Orzaez D, et al. Biochemical and molecular analysis of pink tomatoes: deregulated expression of the gene encoding transcription factor SlMYB12 leads to pink tomato fruit color. Plant physiology, (2010); 152(1): 71-84.

Espen L, Morgutti S, Abruzzese A, Negrini N, Rivetta A, et al. Changes in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber at the onset of dormancy and during storage at 23 C and 3 CI Biochemical and physiological parameters. Potato research, (1999); 42(1): 189-201.

Hill L, Reimholz R, Schröder R, Nielsen TH, Stitt M. The onset of sucrose accumulation in cold‐stored potato tubers is caused by an increased rate of sucrose synthesis and coincides with low levels of hexose‐phosphates, an activation of sucrose phosphate synthase and the appearance of a new form of amylase. Plant, Cell & Environment, (1996); 19(11): 1223-1237.

Davies H, Viola R, Belknap W, Vayda M, Park W. Control of sugar balance in potato tubers. The molecular and cellular biology of the potato, (1994); (Ed. 2): 67-80.

Pressey R. Potato sucrose synthetase: purification, properties, and changes in activity associated with maturation. Plant physiology, (1969); 44(5): 759-764.

Davies H, Oparka K. Hexose metabolism in developing tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Maris Piper. Journal of plant physiology, (1985); 119(4): 311-316.

Ishii G, Mon M, Ohara A, Umemura V. Food chemical properties of a new potato with orange flesh. SPECIAL PUBLICATION-ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY, (1999); 229357-359.

Hoehenwarter W, van Dongen JT, Wienkoop S, Steinfath M, Hummel J, et al. A rapid approach for phenotype‐screening and database independent detection of cSNP/protein polymorphism using mass accuracy precursor alignment. Proteomics, (2008); 8(20): 4214-4225.

Cheng L, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Li H, Wang Y, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of cold-induced sweetening in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber. Acta physiologiae plantarum, (2014); 36(5): 1197-1210.

Xue H-L, Bi Y, Tang Y-M, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Effect of cultivars, Fusarium strains and storage temperature on trichothecenes production in inoculated potato tubers. Food chemistry, (2014); 151236-242.

Ignat A, Manzocco L, Brunton NP, Nicoli MC, Lyng JG. The effect of pulsed electric field pre-treatments prior to deep-fat frying on quality aspects of potato fries. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, (2015); 2965-69.

Aiello D, Abriano S, Cinquerrui A, Firrao G, Polizzi G et al. Ability and synergistic effects of antago-nistic pseudomonas and pantoea spp. To cause vascular discolouration and pith necrosis in tomato plants. Journal of Plant Pathology, (2013); 95(4): 35-S34.

Carocho M, Barros L, Antonio AL, Barreira JC, Bento A, et al. Analysis of organic acids in electron beam irradiated chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.): Effects of radiation dose and storage time. Food and chemical toxicology, (2013); 55348-352.

Bhaskar PB, Wu L, Busse JS, Whitty BR, Hamernik AJ, et al. Suppression of the vacuolar invertase gene prevents cold-induced sweetening in potato. Plant physiology, (2010); 154(2): 939-948.

Sowokinos JR. Biochemical and molecular control of cold-induced sweetening in potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research, (2001); 78(3): 221-236.

Pressey R. Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes. American Potato Journal, (1969); 46(8): 291-297.

Ali A, Muzaffar A, Awan MF, Din S, Nasir IA, et al. Genetically Modified Foods: Engineered tomato with extra advantages. Adv life sci, (2014); 1(3): 139-152.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.