Detection of Glyphosate in Sheep Feed and Drinking Water Collected Randomly from Various Agriculture Areas Located in Different Territories of Baghdad Province

Raad Jabbar Hammadi, Huda Nsaif Jasim, Mohammed Sadeq Salman

Abstract


Background: The primary objectives of this study were to employ a quantitative method, specifically High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), for the purpose of detecting glyphosate residues (measured in parts per million) in the feed and drinking water consumed by sheep.

Methods: During the period from February 2021 to May 2021, a sample of 30 feed and drinking water samples from sheep was collected in a random manner. These samples consisted of 15 feed samples and 15 drinking water samples. The collection was conducted in various agricultural areas situated in different territories within the province of Baghdad.

Results: The HPLC residues study showed that 12 and 7 samples, respectively, had glyphosate residues in sheep feed and drinking water. Of the 15 feed samples analyzed, 12 were positive for glyphosate residues: 5 alfalfa, 4 barley, and 3 clover samples. Alfalfa, barley, and clover had the greatest glyphosate residues (140.5–145.5, 120.7–139.5, and 119.5–128.2 ppm), respectively. HPLC analysis showed that all forage samples—alfalfa, barley, and clover—exceeded the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) (0.05, 20, and 0.05), violating the EFSA's 2019 recommendation for glyphosate (ppm) in sheep feed. Alfalfa showed the most significant violation, with residue levels over 2,800-fold the Maximum Residue Level (MRL), followed by clover (over 2,400-fold) and barley (6.5-fold). Sheep's Water (Barn, Field, and Drained) samples (5 of each) were positive for glyphosate residues (2, 3, and 2), with the highest ranges in Field (104.1–106.3), Barn (83.7–85.5), and Drained (0.3–0.5). HPLC analysis showed that all water samples except Drained water (Barn and Field) above the Maximum Contamination Level (MCL) (0.7), violated the EPA's glyphosate (ppm) recommendation. HPLC analysis showed that glyphosate levels in Barn and Field water were dramatically above the MCL, exceeding the EPA's recommendation by over 120-fold and 150-fold, respectively.

Conclusion: The utilization of glyphosate has exhibited a progressive rise over the course of time, thereby eliciting apprehensions regarding the potential toxicity of this herbicide as well as its plausible impact on human health. Glyphosate residues have the potential to be transmitted to humans or animals via water, feed, and food that has been contaminated.

Keywords: EPA's glyphosate; HPLC; Water; Sheep; Alfalfa


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i2.2318

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