Changes of Serum Midkine as a Dynamic Prognostic Factor in Detection for Thyroid Cancer and Comparison with Fine-Needle Aspiration

Hadel Kareem Al-Rubaiawi, Raid J. Mohamed, Sajid H. Alhelfy, Marwah S. Yones

Abstract


Background: Midkine plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of malignant and other diseases since it is involved in a number of physiological processes, including development, reproduction, and repair. Different types of cells express this protein. Thus, in healthy conditions, significant MDK expression is observed in lymphocytes, the epidermis, and the bronchial epithelium. The sample obtained during fine needle aspiration can help in the diagnosis of or rule out disorders like cancer. Blood is the most practical and least likely bodily fluid to pollute while diagnosing illnesses. Finding successful prognostic markers in patients with well-defined thyroid cancer was the goal of the current investigation.

Methods: Midkine level was measured in serum samples by using Elisa technique for 80 patients (40 patient was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma and another 40 with benign thyroid goiter), Age (25-55) from Iraqis people.

Results: The current study revealed highly significant difference the median serum level of medkine in the TC patients was much higher than that of BTT patients with a highly significant difference The sensitivity and specificity of the test at cut off value of medkine=129 pg/ml were 90% for both. While FNA result, the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 80.77% and 89.66% respectively.

Conclusions: The thyroid cancer group's serum MDK result was noticeably higher than that of the healthy control groups. proposed that the midkine might serve as a biochemical marker for thyroid cancer early identification and diagnosis.

Keywords: Thyroid cancer; Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Midkine; ELISA; FNA   


Full Text:

PDF

References


Omur O, Baran Y. An update on molecular biology of thyroid cancers. Critical reviews in oncology hematology, (2014); 90(3):233-252.

Rivkees SA, Mazzaferri EL, Verburg FA, Reiners C, Luster M, Breuer CK, Dinauer CA, Udelsman R.. The treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer in children emphasis on surgical approach and radioactive iodine therapy. Endocrine reviews, (2011); 32(6): 798-826.

Twining CL, Lupo MA, Tuttle RM. Implementing key changes in the American Thyroid Association 2015 thyroid nodules/differentiated thyroid cancer guidelines across practice types. Endocrine Practice, (2018); 24(9):833-840.

Diamantis A, Magiorkinis E, Koutselini H. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy historical aspects. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica, (2009); 47(2):191-197.

Lee J, Park JH, Lee CR, Chung WY, Park CS. Long-term outcomes of total thyroidectomy versus thyroid lobectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma comparative analysis after propensity score matching. Thyroid, (2013); 23 (11) :1408-1415.

Hong AR, Lim JA, Kim TH, Choi HS, Yoo WS, Min HS, Won JK, Lee KE, Jung KC, Park DJ, Park YJ. The frequency and clinical implications of the BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid cancer patients in Korea over the past two decades. Endocrinology and Metabolism, (2014); 29 (4):505-513.

Harkin C, Cobice D, Brockbank S, Bolton S, Johnston F, Strzelecka A, Watt J, Kurth MJ, Lamont JV, Fitzgerald P, Moore T. Biomarkers for detecting kidney dysfunction in type-2 diabetics and diabetic nephropathy subjects a case-control study to identify potential biomarkers of DN to stratify risk of progression in T2D patients. Frontiers in Endocrinology, (2022); 13:887237.

Gupta MK, Qin RY. Mechanism and its regulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis. World journal of gastroenterology, (2003); 9(6):1144.

Kim SW, Lee JI, Kim JW, Ki CS, Oh YL, Choi YL, Shin JH, Kim HK, Jang HW, Chung JH. BRAF V600E mutation analysis in fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens for evaluation of thyroid nodule a large series in a BRAF V600E-prevalent population. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, (2010); 95(8): 3693-3700.

Mahmoud AA, Mohamed HO, AM AA, Abdelghafour HS, Jabir MA. Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR and Midkine as biomarkers in thyroid cancer. The Egyptian Journal of Immunology, (2023); 30 (1):96-104.

Abdel-Azeem HG, Abdel-aal AM, Mahran MH, Thabet MH. The Role of Serum Midkine and Secretory Leucocyte Protease Inhibitor in Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, (2022); 89(1):6039-5.

Gebur NA, Ali HA. Association between Levels of Serum Midkine with Insulin Resistance as New Potential Diagnostic Marker for Thyroid Cancer in its Early Stages. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, (2021);15.

Wiseman SM, Baliski C, Irvine R, Anderson D, Wilkins G, Filipenko D, Zhang H, Bugis S. Hemithyroidectomy the optimal initial surgical approach for individuals undergoing surgery for a cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm. Annals of surgical oncology, (2006); 13:425-432.

Muramatsu T, Kadomatsu K. Midkine an emerging target of drug development for treatment of multiple diseases. British journal of pharmacology, (2014); 171(4):811-813.

AL-Rubaiawi HK, Mohamed RJ. The Activity of 5-Flurouracil Metabolizing Enzyme Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) and its Association with Tumor Progression and Markers (CEA, CA19. 9) in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development,(2019); 10(10):1

Jones D R. Measuring midkine: the utility of midkine as a biomarker in cancer and other diseases. British journal of pharmacology, (2014);171(12): 2925-2939.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v11i2.2498

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.