Phytochemistry and pharmacology potential of Lippia javanica: a bibliometric and systematic review
Abstract
Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) is an African plant with numerous ethnomedicinal uses, including asthma, tuberculosis, colds, influenza, pneumonia, coughs, and dermatitis treatments. Many of the ethnomedicinal properties and folkloric claims about the plant have since established by numerous scientific studies. In this context, we conducted the bibliometric and systematic analyses of scientific literature on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of L. javanica with special focus on the plant’s bioactive metabolites. Bibliometric data – using the Web of Science and Scopus databases – revealed that most of the research on L. javanica were carried out in Africa, with South Africa accounting for more than 50% of the total outputs. However, the growth in this research domain has been relatively slow in recent years. Furthermore, the critical analysis highlighted the pharmacological activities of various crude extracts of the plant and also identified more than 40 new metabolites as well as their bioactivities. Therapeutic relationships were established between the enumerated bioactives and the potential use of the plant for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative conditions, tumours as well as diabetes. In all, it was observed that despite the immense potential of the plant and its metabolites in drug research and development, it remains grossly unexplored in this regard. It is envisaged that the information from this review will facilitate and chart a course for future investigations into the pharmaceutical uses of L. javanica.
Keywords: Lippia javanica; Pharmacological; Metabolites; Ethnobotanical; Drug discovery
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Niazi P, Monib AW. The role of plants in traditional and modern medicine. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, (2024); 13(2): 643-647.
Iyiola AO, Adegoke Wahab MK (2024) Herbal Medicine Methods and Practices in Nigeria. In: Izah SC, Ogwu MC, Akram M, editors. Herbal Medicine Phytochemistry: Applications and Trends. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1395-1428.
Street RA, Smith M, Moshabela M, Shezi B, Webster C, Falkenberg T. Traditional health practitioners and sustainable development: a case study in South Africa. Public Health, (2018); 1651-5.
Salmerón-Manzano E, Garrido-Cardenas JA, Manzano-Agugliaro F. Worldwide research trends on medicinal plants. International journal of environmental research and public health, (2020); 17(10): 3376.
McGaw LJ, Omokhua-Uyi AG, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Invasive alien plants and weeds in South Africa: A review of their applications in traditional medicine and potential pharmaceutical properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2022); 283114564.
Uhomoibhi JO-O, Shode FO, Idowu KA, Sabiu S. Molecular modelling identification of phytocompounds from selected African botanicals as promising therapeutics against druggable human host cell targets of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, (2022); 114: 108185.
Mood K, Jogam P, Sirikonda A, Shekhawat MS, Rohela GK, et al. Micropropagation, morpho-anatomical characterization, and genetic stability studies in Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng: a multipurpose medicinal plant. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), (2022); 150(2): 427-437.
Olivier D, Shikanga E, Combrinck S, Krause R, Regnier T, Dlamini T. Phenylethanoid glycosides from Lippia javanica. South African Journal of Botany, (2010); 76(1): 58-63.
Viljoen AM, Subramoney Sv, van Vuuren SF, Başer K, Demirci B. The composition, geographical variation and antimicrobial activity of Lippia javanica (Verbenaceae) leaf essential oils. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2005); 96(1-2): 271-277.
Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Olofinsan KA, Schoeman RL, Matsabisa MG. Lippia javanica (Burm. F.) Herbal Tea: modulation of hepatoprotective effects in chang liver cells via mitigation of redox imbalance and modulation of perturbed metabolic activities. Frontiers in Pharmacology, (2023); 141221769.
Maroyi A. Lippia javanica (Burm. F.) Spreng.: traditional and commercial uses and phytochemical and pharmacological significance in the African and Indian subcontinent. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (2017); 746071.
Manenzhe NJ, Potgieter N, van Ree T. Composition and antimicrobial activities of volatile components of Lippia javanica. Phytochemistry, (2004); 65(16): 2333-2336.
Majachani K, Matsungo TM, Chopera P. Exploring the COVID-19 Induced Interest in Lippia javanica (Zumbani/Umsuzwane) and Myrothamnus flabellifolius (Mufandichimuka/Umfavuke) in Zimbabwe: A data mining approach Kudzai Majachani1, Tonderayi M. Matsungo & Prosper Chopera. Zimbabwe Journal of Health Sciences, (2021); 1.
Leiva V, Castro C, Vila R, Saulo H. Unveiling patterns and trends in research on cumulative damage models for statistical and reliability analyses: Bibliometric and thematic explorations with data analytics. Chilean Journal of Statistics, (2024); 1581-109.
Ampese LC, Buller LS, Monroy YM, Garcia MP, Ramos-Rodriguez AR, Forster-Carneiro T. Macaúba’s world scenario: a bibliometric analysis. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, (2023); 13(4): 3329-3347.
Rupasinghe L, Pushpakumari M, Perera G. Mapping the knowledge of green innovation: a systematic literature review. Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, (2024); 6(4): 357-376.
Gogoi B, Acharjee SA, Bharali P, Sorhie V, Walling B. A critical review on the ecotoxicity of heavy metal on multispecies in global context: A bibliometric analysis. Environmental Research, (2024); 118280.
George TT, Obilana AO, Oyenihi AB, Rautenbach FG. Moringa oleifera through the years: a bibliometric analysis of scientific research (2000-2020). South African Journal of Botany, (2021); 141: 12-24.
Abdul NS, Marnewick JL. What has been the focus of Rooibos health research? A bibliometric overview. Journal of Herbal Medicine, (2023); 37: 100615.
Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Raveendran S, Singh S, Pillai S. Environmental impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics: a current overview. Frontiers in Microbiology, (2021); 12: 3728.
Adetunji TL, Olisah C, Adegbaju OD, Olawale F, Adetunji AE, et al. The genus Aloe: A bibliometric analysis of global research outputs (2001–2020) and summary of recent research reports on its biological activities. South African Journal of Botany, (2022); 147: 953-975.
Kumar S, Singh M, Halder D, Mitra A. Lippia javanica: a cheap natural source for the synthesis of antibacterial silver nanocolloid. Applied Nanoscience, (2016); 6: 1001-1007.
Verdcourt B. Flora of Tropical East Africa-Verbenaceae (1992). (1992).
Marx HE, O'Leary N, Yuan YW, Lu‐Irving P, Tank DC, et al. A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae. American journal of Botany, (2010); 97(10): 1647-1663.
Mujovo SF, Hussein AA, Meyer JM, Fourie B, Muthivhi T, Lall N. Bioactive compounds from Lippia javanica and Hoslundia opposita. Natural Product Research, (2008); 22(12): 1047-1054.
Mahlangeni NT, Moodley R, Jonnalagadda SB. Elemental composition of Cyrtanthus obliquus and Lippia javanica used in South African herbal tonic, Imbiza. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, (2018); 11(1): 128-136.
Shikanga E, Combrinck S, Regnier T. South African Lippia herbal infusions: Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. South African Journal of Botany, (2010); 76(3): 567-571.
Ombito JO, Salano EN, Yegon PK, Ngetich WK, Mwangi EM. A review on the chemistry of some species of genus Lippia (Verbenaceae family). Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research, (2014); 3(4): 460-466.
Bhebhe M, Füller TN, Chipurura B, Muchuweti M. Effect of solvent type on total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of black tea and herbal infusions. Food Analytical Methods, (2016); 91060-1067.
Cock I, Van Vuuren S. Anti-proteus activity of some South African medicinal plants: their potential for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology, (2014); 22: 23-36.
Perez Zamora CM, Torres CA, Nuñez MB. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils from Verbenaceae species growing in South America. Molecules, (2018); 23(3): 544.
Amusan OO, Dlamini PS, Msonthi JD, Makhubu LP. Some herbal remedies from Manzini region of Swaziland. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2002); 79(1): 109-112.
Vhurumuku E. Knowledge, use and attitudes towards medicinal plants of pre-service teachers at a South African university. Global Advanced Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology, (2015); 4(2): 15-24.
Mfengu MO, Shauli M, Engwa GA, Musarurwa HT, Sewani-Rusike CR. Lippia javanica (Zumbani) herbal tea infusion attenuates allergic airway inflammation via inhibition of Th2 cell activation and suppression of oxidative stress. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, (2021); 21(1): 1-14.
Masoko P, Nxumalo KM. Validation of antimycobacterial plants used by traditional healers in three districts of the Limpopo province (South Africa). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (2013); 2013: 586247.
Chagonda LS, Makanda CD, Chalchat J-C. Essential oils of wild and cultivated Lippia javanica (Spreng) and L. oatesii (Rolfe) from Zimbabwe. Journal of Essential Oil Research, (2000); 12(1): 1-6.
Nanyingi MO, Mbaria JM, Lanyasunya AL, Wagate CG, Koros KB, et al. Ethnopharmacological survey of Samburu district, Kenya. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, (2008); 4(1): 1-12.
Jena Gouri Sankar J, Satapathy K. Weed diversity of Rabi crops and their ethnomedicinal uses in Kendrapara district of Odisha, India. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, (2015); 4(3): 33-38.
Ayuko TA, Njau RN, Cornelius W, Leah N, Ndiege IO. In vitro antiplasmodial activity and toxicity assessment of plant extracts used in traditional malaria therapy in the Lake Victoria Region. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, (2009); 104: 689-694.
Bruschi P, Morganti M, Mancini M, Signorini MA. Traditional healers and laypeople: a qualitative and quantitative approach to local knowledge on medicinal plants in Muda (Mozambique). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2011); 138(2): 543-563.
Viljoen A, Chen W, Mulaudzi N, Kamatou G, Sandasi M Phytochemical profiling of commercially important South African plants, (2021); Academic Press.
Shahriar M, Chowdhury A, Rahman M, Uddin M, Al-Amin M, et al. Scientific validation of medicinal plants used by a folk medicinal practitioner of Chuadanga district, Bangladesh. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS), (2014); 3(11): 13-24.
Burapan S, Kim M, Han J. Demethylation of polymethoxyflavones by human gut bacterium, Blautia sp. MRG-PMF1. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, (2017); 65(8): 1620-1629.
Dwarka D, Agoni C, Mellem JJ, Soliman ME, Baijnath H. Identification of potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from South African medicinal plant extracts using molecular modelling approaches. South African Journal of Botany, (2020); 133: 273-284.
Nkala BA, Mbongwa HP, Qwebani-Ogunleye T. The in vitro evaluation of some South African plant extracts for minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against selected bacterial strains. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, (2019); 9(7): 996-1004.
Endris A, Asfaw N, Bisrat D. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Lippia javanica leaves from Ethiopia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, (2016); 28(3): 221-226.
Makhafola M, Middleton L, Olivier M, Olaokun O. Cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine. Asian Journal of Chemistry, (2019); 31(11): 2623-2627.
Ludere MT, Van Ree T, Vleggaar R. Isolation and relative stereochemistry of lippialactone, a new antimalarial compound from Lippia javanica. Fitoterapia, (2013); 86188-192.
Samie A, Housein A, Lall N, Meyer JJM. Crude extracts of, and purified compounds from, Pterocarpus angolensis, and the essential oil of Lippia javanica: their in-vitro cytotoxicities and activities against selected bacteria and Entamoeba histolytica. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, (2009); 103(5): 427-439.
Martini N, Katerere D, Eloff J. Biological activity of five antibacterial flavonoids from Combretum erythrophyllum (Combretaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2004); 93(2-3): 207-212.
Fouché G, Cragg G, Pillay P, Kolesnikova N, Maharaj V, Senabe J. In vitro anticancer screening of South African plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2008); 119(3): 455-461.
Al-Shehri M, Moustafa M. Anticancer, antibacterial, and phytochemicals derived from extract of Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult. grown naturally in Saudi Arabia. Tropical Conservation Science, (2019); 121940082919864262.
Suleman Z, Engwa GA, Shauli M, Musarurwa HT, Katuruza NA, Sewani-Rusike CR. Neuroprotective effects of Lippia javanica (Burm. F.) Spreng. Herbal tea infusion on Lead-induced oxidative brain
damage in Wistar rats. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, (2022); 22(1): 1-10.
Arika W, Abdirahman Y, Mawia M, Wambua K, Nyamai D, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of Lippia javanica in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, (2015); 6(2): 624-630.
Adeogun OO, Maroyi A, Afolayan AJ. Comparative evaluation of essential oils from Lippia javanica L leaf obtained by two methods and their effect on Artemia salina L. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, (2018); 17(1): 105-115.
Hutchings A, van Staden J. Plants used for stress-related ailments in traditional Zulu, Xhosa and Sotho medicine. Part 1: Plants used for headaches. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (1994); 43(2): 89-124.
Djilani A, Dicko A. The therapeutic benefits of essential oils. Nutrition, Well-being and Health, (2012); 7155-179.
Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. The Scientific World Journal, (2013); 2013: 62750.
Kamanula JF, Belmain SR, Hall DR, Farman DI, Goyder DJ, et al. Chemical variation and insecticidal activity of Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Industrial Crops and Products, (2017); 110: 75-82.
Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Lozano-Sánchez J, Cádiz-Gurrea MdlL, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. Functional ingredients based on nutritional phenolics. A case study against inflammation: Lippia genus. Nutrients, (2019); 11(7): 1646.
Okhale E, Michael-Nwanosike E, Temitope Fatokun O, Folashade-Kunle O. Phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology of Lippia genus with a statement on chemotaxonomy and essential oil chemotypes. International Journal of Pharmacognosy IJP, (2016); 3(5): 201-211.
Asowata-Ayodele AM, Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ. Assessment of the polyphenolic content, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities of acetone and aqueous extracts of Lippia javanica (Burm. F.) spreng. Pharmacognosy Magazine, (2016); 12(Suppl 3): S353.
Nono Nono EC, Tsopmejio JP, Momeni J, Nkouam TF, Abdou JP, et al. A new flavone and a newly synthesized alkaloid from Lippia rugosa A. Chev (Verbenaceae). Natural Product Research, (2023); 37(15): 2508-2516.
Samba N, Aitfella-Lahlou R, Nelo M, Silva L, Coca R, et al. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Lippia multiflora moldenke essential oil from different regions of angola. Molecules, (2020); 26(1): 155.
Bett PK, Ogendo JO, Matasyoh JC, Kiplagat AJ. Chemical characterization of Kenyan Cupressus lusitanica Mill., Ocimum americanum L. and Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng essential oils. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, (2022); 16(2): 79-90.
Bose S, Datta R, Kirlin WG. Toxicity Studies Related to Medicinal Plants. Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines: A comprehensive approach, (2021); 621-647.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i1.3214
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.