A review on anthelmintic resistant markers in Ascaris lumbricoides

Najwa Mohammad Said, Mehru Nisha

Abstract


Ascaris llumbricoides is a soil transmitted helminths (STH) found in many developing countries affecting about 820 million people worldwide. Anthelmintic drugs recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) are used to treat the STH infections due to their low cost and high efficacy against these parasites. Despite the treatment efforts, Ascaris lumbricoides remains an endemic issue sparking concerns about the parasite’s resistance to the anthelmintic drugs. This study aims to review the reports on the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of β-tubulin gene of codon 167, codon 198 and codon 200 that is associated with anthelmintic resistance in Ascaris lumbricoides. Only studies published between 2009 to 2020 were included to maintain the relevance of the findings from these publications to fit the criteria set. The reported prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides pre-treatment and post-treatment was collected and compared. The method or protocol done for DNA extraction and gene amplification was considered to the possible difference in results. The presence of SNPs detected in codon 167, codon 198 and codon 200 of β-tubulin gene of Ascaris lumbricoides is recorded in any reported polymorphism or heterozygous resistant gene. Molecular method that was used in studies that showed positive results were also recorded to compare the most suitable method in detecting SNPs of codons that are related to resistance in Ascaris lumbricoides. Seven publications from previous years ranging from 2009 to 2020 were reviewed, discussing the anthelmintic resistance markers found in Ascaris lumbricoides show evidence of the presence of SNPs in codon 167 and codon 200 of the β-tubulin gene. It can be concluded that the presence of these polymorphisms linked to anthelmintic resistance influences the efficacy of anthelmintics towards Ascaris lumbricoides.

Keywords: Anthelmintic resistance; Ascaris lumbricoides; β-tubulin gene


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i4.3262

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