Correction: The Therapeutic Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage and the Risk Assessment of its Ocular Retinal Toxicity

Abstract

This Correction refers to: Zhang A, Zheng X, Zhu X, Zheng J. (2024). The Therapeutic Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage and the Risk Assessment of its Ocular Retinal Toxicity. Advancements in Life Sciences, 11(1).
https://doi.org/10.62940/als.v11i1.2717

Following an internal post-publication quality review, the Editorial Office identified inconsistencies between several cited references and the statements they were used to support in the above article. The issues were identified and revised the affected references, statements, and in-text citations where necessary.

These corrections are limited to reference-to-content matching and associated wording revisions. They do not affect the study dataset, numerical results, tables, figures, statistical analyses, or the principal conclusions of the study.

Reference corrections

• Ref. [2] The original reference did not appropriately support the statement concerning the proportion of recurrent pregnancy loss cases with unexplained causes. The relevant sentence has been revised to state that approximately 50% of recurrent pregnancy loss cases remain unexplained after comprehensive evaluation, while higher estimates reported under different definitions and diagnostic work-up are separately attributed to Ref. [3]. Ref. [2] has been replaced with an appropriate source specifically addressing unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.
• Ref. [11] The original reference was unrelated to hydroxychloroquine and did not appropriately support the statements concerning hydroxychloroquine-associated retinal toxicity. Ref. [11] has been replaced with a relevant review addressing the mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. In the revised text, statements concerning cumulative exposure, retinal toxicity, retinal pigment epithelium accumulation, and photoreceptor effects that were previously cited to Ref. [11] have been revised to cite the appropriate retinal-toxicity sources, Refs. [4, 5].
• Ref. [12] The original reference did not appropriately support statements concerning hydroxychloroquine-associated ocular manifestations and monitoring. Ref. [12] has been replaced with established recommendations for screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. The corresponding text has been revised to address irreversible visual loss, ophthalmic screening, and the use of automated visual-field testing and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) as primary screening modalities.

Corrected references

Ref. [2] Yu N, Kwak-Kim J, Bao S. Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: novel causes and advanced treatment. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, (2023); 155:103785.

Ref. [11] Schrezenmeier E, Dner T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, (2020); 16(3):155-166.

Ref. [12] Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TYY, Melles RB, Mieler WF. Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2016 revision). Ophthalmology, (2016); 123(6):1386-1394.

These corrections do not affect the study data, results, or conclusions.

Correction Published

03 October 2026: The necessary corrections have been carried out in the Version of Record.