WTO’s Implications on Agriculture Sector in Pakistan: Threats, Opportunities and Possible Strategies
Abstract
The WTO trading system is a fact of life. This is only organization which can manage the challenges of globalization. There are both opportunities and threats for the member states in relation to different sectors of economy like agriculture. This paper examines that Pakistan has a great potential to produce and export agricultural commodities in the international markets. In order to achieve maximum benefits from the WTO, Pakistan has to take strong and immediate steps in the light of SPS and TBT Agreement that are germane with agriculture sector. In this connection Pakistan has achieved GSP+ status by European Union which gives a great opportunity to Pakistan to improve its agricultural standards and enhance its export in European agricultural markets. The paper also recommends some possible solutions to improve the agriculture standards in Pakistan. In all countries farming system play a very important role for increasing crop production and strengthen the economy of the country. Government sector should also play a vital role to educate the farmers with new planting techniques and strategic plans for the production of good quality disease free crops. Based on results and conclusion development of extension program, utilization of proper management techniques, utilization of high quality seed, government support, infrastructure and market opportunities are the dire need for farmers and agriculture of Pakistan.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Sampson GP. Compatibility of regional and multilateral trading agreements: reforming the WTO process. The American Economic Review, (1996); 86(2): 88-92.
Raza SA, Ali Y, Mehboob F. Role of agriculture in economic growth of Pakistan. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, (2012); 83180-186.
Butt TM, Gao Q, Hussan MZY. An Analysis of the Effectiveness Farmer Field School (FFS) Approach in Sustainable Rural Livelihood (SRL): The Experience of Punjab-Pakistan. Agricultural Sciences, (2015); 6(10): 1164.
Khan AH, Mahmood Z. Emerging global trading environment: challenges for Pakistan. Asian Development Review, (1996); 1473-115.
Ommani AR. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis for farming system businesses management: Case of wheat farmers of Shadervan District, Shoushtar Township, Iran. African Journal of Business Management, (2011); 5(22): 9448.
Mahmood MA, Sheikh A, Akmal N. Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in Pakistan: a review. Journal of Agricultural Research, (2010); 48(1): 121-131.
Bashir Z, Din M-u. The Impacts of Economic Reforms and Trade Liberalisation on Agricultural Export Performance in Pakistan [with Comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, (2003); 42(4): 941-960.
Khan AH, Mahmood Z. Emerging global trading environment: challenges for Pakistan. Asian Development Review, (1996); 14(2): 73-115.
Ingco MD, Winters LA Pakistan and the Uruguay Round: Impact and Opportunities, A Quantitative Assessment. Chapter: Book Name. 1996 of publication; International Trade Division, International Economics Department, World Bank.
Zoller C, Bruynis C. Conducting a SWOT Analysis of Your Agricultural Business. The Ohio State University, (2007).
Khan AH, Ali S. The Experience of Trade Liberalisation in Pakistan [with Comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, (1998); 37(4): 661-685.
Khan REA, Latif MI. Analysis of trade before and after the WTO: A case study of South Asia. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, (2009); 2(1): 53-67.
Athukorala PC, Jayasuriya S. Food safety issues, trade and WTO rules: a developing country perspective. The World Economy, (2003); 26(9): 1395-1416.
Santos‐Paulino AU. Trade liberalisation and economic performance: theory and evidence for developing countries. The World Economy, (2005); 28(6): 783-821.
Murphy KM, Shleifer A. Quality and trade. Journal of development economics, (1997); 53(1): 1-15.
Ahmad N, Ghani E. Governance, Globalisation, and Human Development in Pakistan [with Comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, (2005); 44(4): 585-594.
Mustafa U, Malik W, Sharif M, Ahmad S. Globalisation and Its Implications for Agriculture, Food Security, and Poverty in Pakistan [with Comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, (2001); 40(4): 767-786.
Luby CH, Kloppenburg J, Michaels TE, Goldman IL. Enhancing freedom to operate for plant breeders and farmers through open source plant breeding. Crop Science, (2015); 55(6): 2481-2488.
Ali N. Seed policy in Pakistan: The impact of new laws on food sovereignty and sustainable development. Lahore Journal of Policy Studies, (2017); 7(1): 77.
Esquinas-Alcázar J. Protecting crop genetic diversity for food security: political, ethical and technical challenges. Nature Reviews Genetics, (2005); 6(12): 946.
McMichael P (2005) Global development and the corporate food regime. New directions in the sociology of global development: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. pp. 265-299.
Singh S. Analysis of trade before and after the WTO: a case study of India. Global Journal of Finance and Management, (2014); 6(8): 801-808.
Steinberg RH, Josling TE. When the peace ends: the vulnerability of EC and US agricultural subsidies to WTO legal challenge. Journal of International Economic Law, (2003); 6(2): 369-417.
Josling T. The war on terroir: geographical indications as a transatlantic trade conflict. Journal of agricultural economics, (2006); 57(3): 337-363.
Arslan A, McCarthy N, Lipper L, Asfaw S, Cattaneo A, et al. Climate smart agriculture? Assessing the adaptation implications in Zambia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, (2015); 66(3): 753-780.
Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (2011); 108(9): 3465-3472.
Bondeau A, Smith PC, Zaehle S, Schaphoff S, Lucht W, et al. Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance. Global Change Biology, (2007); 13(3): 679-706.
Kastner T, Rivas MJI, Koch W, Nonhebel S. Global changes in diets and the consequences for land requirements for food. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (2012); 109(18): 6868-6872.
Fiszbein A, Kanbur R, Yemtsov R. Social protection and poverty reduction: global patterns and some targets. World Development, (2014); 61167-177.
Badar H, Mohy-ud-Din Q, Ali T. An Analysis of Domestic Support to Agriculture Sector in Pakistan under WTO Regime. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science, (2007); 44(4): 4.
Rana MA. The seed industry in Pakistan: Regulation, politics and entrepreneurship. 2014; 19: 1-31. Internationall Food Policy Research Institute
Chaudhry MG. Impact of WTO negotiations on agriculture in Pakistan and implications for policy. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Economics (Pakistan), (2001).
Gürler O. Monitoring Report on the Activities of the WTO: Positions of the Developing Countries. Journal of Economic Cooperation, (2001); 22(2): 31-60.
Chishti AF, Malik W, Chaudhry MG. WTO's Trade Liberalisation, Agricultural Growth, and Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan [with Comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, (2001); 44(4): 1035-1052.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v5i2.545
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.