Microbial profiling and risk factors assessment for Otitis Media and Otitis Externa

Tayyaba Ijaz, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Sana Aslam, Sarwat Ali Raja, Abdul Rehman Khawaja, Saadia Ijaz

Abstract


Background: Otitis media and otitis externa are common otological manifestations in all generations especially in children. There is lack of accurate identification of the causative agent and thus poor diagnosis for such infections. Therefore, it leads to permanent anatomical disabilities including poor speech and defects in balancing and hearing. The study was conducted to isolate, characterize and identify the microbes causing otitis media and otitis externa. Methods: A total of 250 patients having otitis media and otitis externa were enrolled in the study from March 2011 to October 2011. All patients were examined through clinical examination and detailed history was collected. Pus samples from the discharging ears were plated on MacConkey’s, Chocolate and Blood agar for 24 to 48 hours. Isolates were identified on the basis of morphology, staining reactions and various biochemical tests. Results: In this study, only 6% cases yielded no growth, 14% yielded mixed cultures while 80% cases yielded pure cultures. The presumptive diagnosis for ear swabbing was otitis media (76%) and otitis externa (24%). The most common bacterial isolates obtained were Staphylococcus aureus (43.3%) followed byPseudomonas aeruginosa (25%) in the diagnosed cases of otitis media. While for the cases of otitis externa,Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant organism with 52.2%. Infection of otitis media was most common among children and the persons having low socioeconomic conditions. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as the principal pathogen followed by Staphylococcus aureus. To circumvent the painful effects of acute and chronic ear infections, an accurate microbial profiling may play pivotal role.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Oni A, Nwaorgu O, Bakare R, Ogunkunle M, Toki R. The discharging ears in Adults in Ibadan, Nigeria causative agents and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, (2002); 3(1): 3-5.

Celin B, Collins J, Yilmaz M. Tackling Otitis Media in Adults. Journal of Emerging Medicine, (1992); 1567-68.

Isah K, Abubakar T. Chronic suppurative otitis media. A clinical profile in Sokoto Sahel. Med J, (2003); 6(3): 75-78.

Dubey SP, Larawin V. Complications of chronic suppurative otitis media and their management. The laryngoscope, (2007); 117(2): 264-267.

Klein JO. Otitis media. Clinical infectious diseases, (1994); 823-832.

Jokipii AM, Karma P, Ojala K, Jokipii L. Anaerobic bacteria in chronic otitis media. Archives of otolaryngology, (1977); 103(5): 278-280.

Riding KH, Bluestone CD, Michaels RH, Cantekin EI, Doyle WJ, et al. Microbiology of recurrent and chronic otitis media with effusion. The Journal of pediatrics, (1978); 93(5): 739-743.

Arroll B. Antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections: an overview of Cochrane reviews. Respiratory medicine, (2005); 99(3): 255-261.

Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A, Jokinen J, Eerola M, et al. Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. New England Journal of Medicine, (2001); 344(6): 403-409.

Froom J, Culpepper L, Green LA, de Melker RA, Grob P, et al. A cross-national study of acute otitis media: risk factors, severity, and treatment at initial visit. Report from the International Primary Care Network (IPCN) and the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN). The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, (2001); 14(6): 406-417.

McCoy SI, Zell ER, Besser RE. Antimicrobial prescribing for otitis externa in children. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, (2004); 23(2): 181-183.

Jang C, Park S. Emergence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant pseudomonas in chronic suppurative otitis media. Clinical Otolaryngology & Allied Sciences, (2004); 29(4): 321-323.

Duffy LC, Faden H, Wasielewski R, Wolf J, Krystofik D. Exclusive breastfeeding protects against bacterial colonization and day care exposure to otitis media. Pediatrics, (1997); 100(4): e7-e7.

Raza M, Jalil J, Shafique M, Ghafoor T. Frequency of Otitis Media with Effusion in recurrent upper respiratory tract infection in children. J Coll Physician Surg Pak, (2008); 18(4): 226-229.

Ahmed S, Iqbal M, Hassan Z, Khurshid T, Ali L, et al. Spectrum and bacterial isolates in chronic suppurative otitis media in Khuzdar. Pak J Otolaryngol, (2006); 2234-36.

Ahmed B, Hydri AS, Ejaz A, Farooq S, Zaidi S, et al. Microbiology of ear discharge in Quetta. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons–Pakistan: JCPSP, (2005); 15(9): 583.

Yeo SG, Park DC, Hong SM, Cha CI, Kim MG. Bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media-a multicenter study. Acta oto-laryngologica, (2007); 127(10): 1062-1067.

Kuczkowski J, Samet A, Brzoznowski W. [Bacteriologic evaluation of otitis externa and chronic otitis media]. Otolaryngologia polska The Polish otolaryngology, (1999); 54(5): 551-556.

Van Asperen IA, De Rover CM, Schijven JF, Oetomo SB, Schellekens JF, et al. Risk of otitis externa after swimming in recreational fresh water lakes containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bmj, (1995); 311(7017): 1407-1410.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v1i4.82

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.