Thyroid Dysfunction and Vitamin D Deficiency among Females of Punjab, Pakistan; A Cross Sectional Analysis
Abstract
Background: Thyroid gland is an important gland which plays a vital role in the stimulation of normal growth and central nervous system (CNS), metabolism regulation, elevated vitamin requirements, metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, promote sexual metabolism, increases mitochondrial metabolism, stimulates the adrenergic activity with myocardial contractility and increase heart rate. In this era, one of the important health issues is vitamin D and calcium deficiency. A large number of populations in all over world are vitamin D or calcium deficient or insufficient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and vitamin D deficiency in females.
Methods: A cross sectional study was designed to check the prevalence of thyroid disease and its correlation with vitamin D levels in females. Venous blood was drawn from the female’s patients (11—80 years of age) using gel disposable vials (3.5 ml) in aseptic condition. Samples were centrifuged at four thousand revolutions per minute for five minutes and serums were separated. After the separation of serum, the samples were transferred to the laboratory for the automated estimation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine and Vitamin D.
Results: It was observed that out of 79 females who had gone through thyroid profile testing, 70% females had normal thyroid profile. However, hypothyroidism was found in 23% females and 7% females had the condition of hyperthyroidism. Out of 18 (23%) reported cases of hypothyroidism, 8 cases were of mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism, 3 cases indicated non-thyroidal illness; rare pituitary hypothyroidism. Out of 79 female participants, only 20 (25.31%) females had normal serum vitamin D levels. Overall, 59 (74.68%) females had vitamin D deficiency. When the vitamin D deficiency was correlated with thyroid dysfunction, it was observed that vitamin D levels were non-significantly (p = 0.35) associated with hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism was found prevalent in the tested female population, as 23% of the tested population had hypothyroidism while 9% of them have hyperthyroidism. Moreover, majority of the population had vitamin D deficiency.
Keywords: Thyroid Dysfunction; Vitamin D Deficiency; Females
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