Capability of Trichoderma viride to Produce Cellulolytic and Pectolytic Enzymes

Abdel Moneim Elhadi Sulieman, Siham M. Hakim, Wasima Alshammari, Nawaf I. Alshammari, Zakaria A. Salih

Abstract


Background: Species of the genus Trichoderma have been used in the food and textile industries to produce cellulases and other enzymes that degrade complex polysaccharide structures. Trichoderma species have been utilized to make cellulases and other enzymes that break down intricate polysaccharide structures in the food and textile industries. The study investigated the nutritional requirements and the production of enzymes by the fungus Trichoderma viride fungus' ability to produce enzymes).

Methods: We used a medium supplemented with cellulolytic and pectic substances for enzyme production.

Results: The results of the study proved that. Methionine, Glutamic acid, and leucine effectively enhanced mycelial growth. Findings regarding impact of pH level on the development of the fungus T. viride indicated that the maximum growth was at pH 5.0. However, growth decreased dramatically with increasing pH values. We examined the power of the fungus T. viride to produce cellulolytic and pectolytic enzymes in various substrates in the current study.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that Pectin was the best substrate for pectolytic enzyme synthesis, whereas Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was the best substrate for the cellulolytic enzyme.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Tyśkiewicz R, Nowak A, Ozimek E, & Jaroszuk-Ściseł J. Trichoderma: The current status of its application in agriculture for the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens and stimulation of plant growth. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, (2022); 23(4): 2329.

Takahashi J, Barbosa BV, Martins BD, Guirlanda C, & Moura M. Use of the versatility of fungal metabolism to meet modern demands for healthy aging, functional foods, and sustainability. Journal of Fungi, (2020); 6(4): 223.‏

Nelson E, Occurrence of Trichoderma in a Douglas-fir soil. Mycologia, (1982); 74(2): 280-284.‏

Widden P, & Abitbol J. Seasonality of Trichoderma species in a spruce-forest soil. Mycologia, (1982); 72(4): 775-784.‏

Thrane C, Tronsmo A, & Jensen DF. Endo-1, 3-β-glucanase and cellulase from Trichoderma harzianum: purification and partial characterization, induction of and biological activity against plant pathogenic Pythium spp. European Journal of Plant Pathology, (1997); 103: 331-344.‏

Onions AH, Allsopp D, & Eggis HO. Smith's introduction to industrial mycology. Seven edition Edward Arnold Publisher Ltd., U.K. P.P., (1981): 221-373.

Kunamneni A, Plou FJ, Alcalde M, & Ballesteros A. Trichoderma enzymes for food industries. In Biotechnology and biology of Trichoderma. (2014); 339-344. Elsevier.‏

Wang Y, Zeng L, Wu J, Jiang H, & Mei L. Diversity and effects of competitive Trichoderma species in Ganoderma lucidum–cultivated soils. Frontiers in Microbiology, (2022); 13:1067822.‏

Sperandio GB, & Ferreira FE. Fungal co-cultures in the lignocellulosic biorefinery context: a review. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, (2019); 142: 109-123.‏

Li P, Wang H, Liu G, Li X, & Yao J. The effect of carbon source succession on laccase activity in the co-culture process of Ganoderma lucidum and a yeast. Enzyme and microbial technology, (2011); 48(1): 1-6.‏

Sanitá LM, & Coutinho de Lucas R. Co-cultivation, co-culture, mixed culture, and microbial consortium of fungi: an understudied strategy for biomass conversion. Frontiers in Microbiology, (2022); 12: 837685.‏

Shu G, Yang H, Chen H, & Yang Z. Research on extraction and characterization of cellulase from commercial enzyme preparation. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, (2013); 5(7): 839-842.‏

Peláez RD, Wischral D, Mendes TD, Pacheco TF, Urben AF, Helm CV, & de Siqueira FG. Co-culturing of micro-and macro-fungi for producing highly active enzyme cocktail for producing biofuels. Bioresource Technology Reports, (2021); 16: 100833.‏

Wong DW. Pectic enzymes. In: Food enzymes- structure and mechanism, (1995): 212-236. Boston, MA: Springer US.‏

Mandels M, & Wilke CR. Cellulose as a chemical and energy resource. In Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp (1975), Vol. 5: 81.‏

Ljungdahl LG, & Eriksson XE. In: Advances in Microbial Ecology. Vol. 5, ed. K .C. Marshal , Plenum Press. New York, (1985): 237.

Vasquez GS, Lead MC and Herrea EA. Analysis of the beta 1,2-Glyconolytic system of the biological agent Trichoderma harzianum. Applied And Environmental Microbiology, (1998); 4:1442-1446.

Abbas HK, Mirocha CJ, & Gunther R. Production of zearalenone, nivalenol, moniliformin, and wortmannin from toxigenic cultures of Fusarium obtained from pasture soil samples collected in New Zealand. Mycotoxin Research, (1991); 7: 53-60.‏

Jian D, Yuanyuan L, Hongman Z, Hongbo Z & He H. Factors to decrease the cellulose conversion of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose at high solid concentrations. Cellulose, (2014); 21: 2409–2417.

Förster H. Pectinesterases from Phytophthora infestans. In: Methods in enzymology (1980); 161: 355-361. Academic Press.‏

Aro N, Pakula T, & Penttilä M. Transcriptional regulation of plant cell wall degradation by filamentous fungi. FEMS microbiology reviews, (2005); 29(4): 719-739.‏

Zheng W, Lehmann A, Ryo M, Vályi KK, & Rillig MC. Growth rate trades off with enzymatic investment in soil filamentous fungi. Scientific Reports, (2020);10(1), 11013.‏

Abubakar A, Suberu HA, Bello IM, Abdulkadir R, Daudu OA., & Lateef AA. Effect of pH on mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus parasiticus, Journal of Plant Sciences, (2013); 1(4): 64-67.

Chinedu SN, Eni AO, Adeniyi AI, & Ayangbemi JA. Assessment of growth and cellulase production of wild-type microfungi isolated from Ota, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, (2010); 9(3): 118.‏

Omojasola PF, & Jilani OP. Cellulase production by Trichoderma longi, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae cultured on waste materials from orange. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, (2008); 11(20): 2382-2388.‏

Miller GL. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical chemistry, (1959); 31(3): 426-428.‏

Nayyar BG, Woodward S, Mur LAJ, Akram A, Arshad M, Saqlan Naqvi SM & Akhund S. The Incidence of Alternaria Species Associated with Infected Sesamum indicum L. Seeds from Fields of the Punjab, Pakistan. Plant Pathology Journal. (2017); 33(6): 543-553.

Gomez-Sagasti MT, Epelde L, Anza M, Urra, J, Alkorta I, & Garbisu C. The impact of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles on soil microbial communities is soil dependent. Journal of hazardous materials, (2019); 364: 591-599.

Cerecetto V, Smalla K, Nesme J, Garaycochea S, Fresia, P, Sørensen SJ., ... & Leoni C. Reduced tillage, cover crops and organic amendments affect soil microbiota and improve soil health in Uruguayan vegetable farming systems. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, (2021); 97(3), fiab023.‏

Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Reich PB, Jeffries TC, Gaitan JJ, Encinar D, ... & Singh BK. Microbial diversity drives multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. Nature communications, (2016); 7(1): 10541.‏

Esperschütz J, Gattinger A, Mäder P, Schloter M, & Fließbach A Response of soil microbial biomass and community structures to conventional and organic farming systems under identical crop rotations. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, (2007): 61(1): 26-37.‏

Qiao C, Penton CR, Xiong W, Liu C, Wang R, Liu Z., ... & Shen Q. Reshaping the rhizosphere microbiome by bio-organic amendment to enhance crop yield in a maize-cabbage rotation system. Applied Soil Ecology, (2019); 142, 136-146.‏

Ling L, Fu Y, Jeewani PH, Tang C, Pan S, Reid BJ, ... & Xu J. Organic matter chemistry and bacterial community structure regulate decomposition processes in post-fire forest soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, (2021);160: 108311.‏

Domsch KH, Gams W, & Anderson TH. (1980). Compendium of soil fungi. Volume 1. Academic Press (London) Ltd.‏

Smith KP, & Goodman RM. Host variation for interactions with beneficial plant-associated microbes. Annual review of phytopathology, (1999); 37(1): 473-491.‏

Seyis I, & Aksoz N. Production of Lactase by Trichoderma sp., Food Technol. Biotechnol, (2004); 42 (2): 121–124

Mandels M, & Weber J. The production of cellulases.In Cellulases and their applications. Advan. Chem. Ser., (1969); 95:391- 414.

Harman GE. Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, (2006); 96(2): 190-194.‏

Faheem VK. Razdan FA, Mohiddin KA, Bhat A & Saba B. Potential of Trichoderman Species As Biocontrol Agents of Soil Borne Fungal Propagules. Journal of Phytology. (2010); 2(10): 38–41

Cheetham PSJ. The applications of enzymein industry. Handbook of enzyme biotechnology. (1985): 274-379.‏

Wolfenden R, & Snider MJ. The depth of chemical time and the power of enzymes as catalysts. Accounts of chemical research, (2001); 34(12): 938-945.‏

Hult EL, Iversen T, & Sugiyama J. Characterization of the supermolecular structure of cellulose in wood pulp fibres. Cellulose, (2003); 10 : 103-110.‏

Chunilall V, Bush T, Larsson, Per Tomas I, & Kindness A. "A CP/MAS 13C-NMR study of cellulose fibril aggregation in eucalyptus dissolving pulps during drying & the correlation between aggregate dimensions and chemical reactivity" , (2010), 64 (6): 693-698.

Liu J, Lu J, & Cui Z. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in a membrane bioreactor: assessment of operating conditions. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, (2011); 34: 525-532.‏




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v10i3.2097

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.