Scrutiny of immunological components (CD20, CD30, and CD40) and HCMV and EBV infections in lymphoma Iraqi patients
Abstract
Background: This investigation concentrated on Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the Iraqi province of Al-Muthanna. Environmental and immune characteristics have a role in this malignancy. In an attempt to assess Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Iraqi patients, in addition to the detection of specific immunological and virological data, 30 patients and 10 controls were scrutinized.
Methods: Forty subjects with an age range of 20–82 years, 30 with lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin), and 10 with no lymphomas were analyzed. The tissue blocks were tested for EBER-EBV and PP65-CMV viruses using the in-situ hybridization (ISH) technique with the aid of kits of specific probes for viruses. Also, immunological markers such as CD markers were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results: In the Iraqi Al-Muthanna governorate Lymphoma cases rose notably among people beyond sixty. Hodgkin lymphoma cases were found more often than non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, with a predominance of females in both types. The results of HCMV and EBV detection illustrated a higher prevalence of these viruses, especially in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accompanied by related immunological changes in lymphoma patients than in the lymphoma-free group.
Conclusions: In Al-Muthanna province, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were slightly increased in females, along with more prevalent HCMV and EBV infections.
Keywords: HL-NHL lymphoma; Human cytomegalovirus; Epstein-Barr virus
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Huang J, Pang WS, Lok V, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno III DE, XuW, and NCD Global Health Research Group, Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU). Incidence, mortality, risk factors, and trends for Hodgkin lymphoma: a global data analysis. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, (2022);15(1): 57.
Smith CM, Friedman DL. Advances in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Including the Patient's Voice. Frontiers in Oncology, (2022); 855725.
Stephens DM, Li H, Schöder H, Straus DJ, Moskowitz CH, LeBlanc M, and Friedberg JW. Five-year follow-up of SWOG S0816: limitations and values of a PET-adapted approach with stage III/IV Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, (2019); 134(15):1238-1246.
Mauz-Körholz C, Landman-Parker J, Balwierz W, Ammann RA, Anderson RA, et al. Response-adapted omission of radiotherapy and comparison of consolidation chemotherapy in children and adolescents with intermediate-stage and advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (EuroNet-PHL-C1): a titration study with an open-label, embedded, multinational, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. The lancet oncology, (2022); 23(1): 125-137.
Quintana MDP, Smith‐Togobo C, Moormann A, and Hviid L. Endemic Burkitt lymphoma–an aggressive childhood cancer linked to Plasmodium falciparum exposure, but not to exposure to other malaria parasites. Apmis, (2020); 128(2): 129-135.
Cole PD, McCarten KM, Pei Q, Spira M, Metzger ML et al. Brentuximab vedotin with gemcitabine for paediatric and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (AHOD1221): a Children's Oncology Group, multicentre single-arm, phase 1–2 trial. The Lancet Oncology, (2018); 19(9): 1229-1238.
Broccoli A, Argnani L, Botto B, Corradini P, Pinto A, and Re A. First salvage treatment with bendamustine and brentuximab vedotin in Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 2 study of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi. Blood Cancer Journal, (2019); 9(12): 100.
Society A C. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2020. Am Cancer Soc, (2020); 1-52.
Flerlage JE, Metzger ML, Bhakta N. The management of Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and young adults: burden of disease or burden of choice? Blood. The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, (2018); 132(4): 376-384.
Derebas J, Panuciak K, Margas M, Zawitkowska J, and Lejman M. The new treatment methods for non-hodgkin lymphoma in pediatric patients. Cancers, (2022); 14(6): 1569.
Jassim MM, Naji SA, Mahmood MM. BRCA1, BCL2, and the RB Tumor Suppressor have abnormal expressions in lung cancer. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, (2022); 15(9): 4083-4087.
Jacobsen E. Follicular lymphoma:2023 update on diagnosis and management. American Journal of Hematology, (2022); 97(12):1638-1651.
Chin L, Wong CY, Gill H. Targeting and Monitoring Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with Nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) Mutation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, (2023); 24(4): 3161.
Amhaz G, Bazarbachi A, and El-Cheikh J. Immunotherapy in indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Leukemia Research Reports, (2022); 17: 100325.
Shafie M, Shahmohamadi E, Ghasemi H, Zarei Jalalabadi N, and Parsa S. Burkitt lymphoma presenting as cecum mass and spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome with hypercalcemia. Clinical Case Reports, (2023); 11(2): 6977.
Flegel K. Burkitt’s Lymphoma: The Discovery and Diagnosis of a New Illness. Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine, (2023);18(1): 1-8.
Ricard F, Cheson B, Barrington S, Trotman J, Schmid A, Brueggenwerth G, and Korn R. Application of the Lugano Classification for Initial Evaluation, Staging, and Response Assessment of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The PRoLoG Consensus Initiative (Part 1—Clinical). Journal of Nuclear Medicine, (2023);64(1): 102-108.
Zhao X, Ma Y, Bian H, and Liu Z. CD20 expression is closely associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection and an inferior survival in nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Frontiers in Oncology, (2022); 4717.
Vaccher E, Gloghini A, Volpi C C, & Carbone A. Lymphomas in People Living with HIV. Hemato, (2022); 3(3): 527-542.
Jassim MM, Mahmood MM, & Musa SQ. Herpetic Oncogenic Virus Co-Infections Impinge Cell Cycle Regulatory Gene Expressions in Oral Cavity Malignancies. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, (2020);11(3):
Mundo L, Del Porro L, Granai M, Siciliano M C, Mancini V, et al. Frequent traces of EBV infection in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas classified as EBV-negative by routine methods: expanding the landscape of EBV-related lymphomas. Modern Pathology, (2020); 33(12): 2407-2421.
Li D, Oda K, Mikata A, and Yumoto N. Epstein‐Barr virus genomes in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Pathology international, (1995); 45(10): 735-741.
Jassim MM, Mahmood MM, Ali SH, and Kamal MS. Interplay between EBERS and P27 tumor suppressor proteins in molecular transformation of nasopharyngeal and sinonasal carcinomas. Indian Journal of Public Health, (2019); 10(6): 19.
Sato K, Igarashi S, Tsukada N, Inamura J, Yamamoto M, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with malignant lymphomas who have not received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. BMC cancer, (2022); 22(1): 944.
Mehravaran H, Makvandi M, Zade AS, Neisi N, Kiani H, et al. Association of human cytomegalovirus with Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, (2017); 18(3): 593.
Ponticelli C. Herpes viruses and tumours in kidney transplant recipients. The role of immunosuppression. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, (2011); 26(6): 1769-1775.
Cai ZZ, Xu JG, Zhou YH, Zheng JH, Lin KZ, et al. Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US28 may act as a tumor promoter in colorectal cancer.World Journal of Gastroenterology, (2016); 22(9):2789.
Libard S, Popova SN, Amini RM, Kärjä V, Pietiläinen T, Hämäläinen KM, and Alafuzoff I. Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp65 is detected in all intra-and extra-axial brain tumours independent of the tumour type or grade. PloS one, (2014); 9(9): e108861.
Mariotti J, Maura F, Spina F, Roncari L, Dodero A, et al. Impact of cytomegalovirus replication and cytomegalovirus serostatus on the outcome of patients with B cell lymphoma after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, (2014); 20(6): 885-890.
Economides MP, Mahale P, Turturro F, Hosry J, Samaniego F, et al. Development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma as a second primary cancer in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with a different primary malignancy. Leukemia & Lymphoma, (2017); 58(2): 485-488.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v11i1.2325
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.