Molecular characterization of a phytoplasma associated with mango malformation and witches broom disease in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background: Many diseases have been reported on mango trees; however, recently, another important pathogen, phytoplasma, has emerged as a severe threat to mango. Phytoplasma belongs to the class Mollicutes.
Methods: Different symptoms, such as malformation and witches’ broom are associated with phytoplasma infection were found in mango orchards in Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia in 2022. Mango phytoplasmas were tested with degenerate phytoplasma primer (P1/P7) and nested primers R16F2n/R16R2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For further confirmation, a PCR reaction was performed using universal phytoplasma primers fU5 and rU3.
Results: Nested PCR with two universal primer pairs, R16F2n/R16R2, successfully amplified 1.2 Kb and 880 bp with fU5 and rU3 nested primers. The results confirmed the presence of phytoplasma in all collected samples. The obtained nucleotide sequences of three positive samples shared 100% identity among themselves and shared 98.9% to 100% with the 16SrIX strains available in the NCBI database. These sequences were submitted in GenBank under the following accession numbers: OQ914356 (Mango-SA-1), OQ914357 (Mango-SA-2), and OQ914358 (Mango-SA-3).
Conclusion: These results indicate that the Southwest regions of the kingdom have been affected by phytoplasma-induced disease. Also, the present study plays a significant role in detecting and managing this disease in other mango-growing areas of Saudi Arabia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasmas in mango from Saudi Arabia.
Keywords:
Mango, Phytoplasma, PCR, Nested PCR, Sequence
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.62940/als.v13i1.3289
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