Genetically Modified Foods: Engineered tomato with extra advantages

Arfan Ali, Adnan Muzaffar, Mudassar Fareed Awan, Salah ud Din, Idrees Ahmad Nasir, Tayyab Husnain

Abstract


Currently, genetically modified crops are among the most important constituents in all aspect of our life. Recent controversies about genetically modified crops in United Kingdom and other European countries indicate the apparent differences in public opinion on this subject across the Atlantic, where people do seem untroubled with GMO as compared to other countries. Among plants after potato, tomato is the model plant for genetic changes. A number of genetic modifications of tomato are available especially against different insects, pests and fungus. Gene silencing techniques against viruses have been applied for silencing the expression of damage causing gene. Genetic modifications inducing significant events regarding fruits ripening and growth in tomato and vaccines are of the particular importance. In this review article, we have covered genetic modifications which cause insect, virus and fungus resistance; confer fast growth, chilling and drought tolerance, increased and improved nutrients, yield, fruit ripening, quality and color of the tomato. Factors affecting photosynthesis and metabolic rate are also reviewed in this article.

References


Blanca J, Cañizares J, Cordero L, Pascual L, Diez MJ, et al. Variation revealed by SNP genotyping and morphology provides insight into the origin of the tomato. PloS one, (2012); 7(10): e48198.

Kirk G, Loneragan J. Functional boron requirement for leaf expansion and its use as a critical value for diagnosis of boron deficiency in soybean. Agronomy journal, (1988); 80(5): 758-762.

Giovannoni JJ. Fruit ripening mutants yield insights into ripening control. Current opinion in plant biology, (2007); 10(3): 283-289.

Chen TH, Murata N. Glycinebetaine protects plants against abiotic stress: mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Plant, cell & environment, (2011); 34(1): 1-20.

Klee HJ, Giovannoni JJ. Genetics and control of tomato fruit ripening and quality attributes. Annual review of genetics, (2011); 4541-59.

Pigott CR, Ellar DJ. Role of receptors in Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin activity. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, (2007); 71(2): 255-281.

Bravo A, Likitvivatanavong S, Gill SS, Soberón M. < i> Bacillus thuringiensis: A story of a successful bioinsecticide. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, (2011); 41(7): 423-431.

Ali Khan G, Bakhsh A, Ghazanfar M, Riazuddin S, Husnain T. Development of transgenic cotton lines harboring a pesticidal gene (cry1Ab). Emirates Journal of Food & Agriculture (EJFA), (2013); 25(6).

Arvinth S, Arun S, Selvakesavan R, Srikanth J, Mukunthan N, et al. Genetic transformation and pyramiding of aprotinin-expressing sugarcane with cry1Ab for shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus) resistance. Plant cell reports, (2010); 29(4): 383-395.

Kumar H, Kumar V. Tomato expressing Cry1A (b) insecticidal protein from< i> Bacillus thuringiensis protected against tomato fruit borer,< i> Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. Crop Protection, (2004); 23(2): 135-139.

Zhu B, Peng R-H, Xiong A-S, Xu J, Fu X-Y, et al. Transformation with a gene for myo-inositol O-methyltransferase enhances the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biologia Plantarum, (2012); 56(1): 135-139.

Herrera-Rodríguez MB, González-Fontes A, Rexach J, Camacho-Cristóbal JJ, Maldonado JM, et al. Role of boron in vascular plants and response mechanisms to boron stresses. Plant Stress, (2010); 4(2): 115-122.

Moore S, Vrebalov J, Payton P, Giovannoni J. Use of genomics tools to isolate key ripening genes and analyse fruit maturation in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany, (2002); 53(377): 2023-2030.

Bell RW. Diagnosis and prediction of boron deficiency for plant production. Plant and soil, (1997); 193(1-2): 149-168.

Pech J-C, Bouzayen M, Latché A. Climacteric fruit ripening: ethylene-dependent and independent regulation of ripening pathways in melon fruit. Plant Science, (2008); 175(1): 114-120.

Schon MK, Blevins DG. Foliar boron applications increase the final number of branches and pods on branches of field-grown soybeans. Plant physiology, (1990); 92(3): 602-607.

Movahedi S, Tabatabaei BS, Alizade H, Ghobadi C, Yamchi A, et al. Constitutive expression of Arabidopsis DREB1B in transgenic potato enhances drought and freezing tolerance. Biologia Plantarum, (2012); 56(1): 37-42.

Knight S, Rogers R, Smith M, Sporaer L. Effects of NaCl salinity on miniature dwarf tomato ‘Micro‐Tom’: I. Growth analyses and nutrient composition 1. Journal of plant nutrition, (1992); 15(11): 2315-2327.

Beck EH, Fettig S, Knake C, Hartig K, Bhattarai T. Specific and unspecific responses of plants to cold and drought stress. Journal of biosciences, (2007); 32(3): 501-510.

Kumar SR, Kiruba R, Balamurugan S, Cardoso HG, Birgit A-S, et al. Carrot antifreeze protein enhances chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, (2014); 36(1): 21-27.

Zhu M, Chen G, Zhou S, Tu Y, Wang Y, et al. A New Tomato NAC (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2) Transcription Factor, SlNAC4, Functions as a Positive Regulator of Fruit Ripening and Carotenoid Accumulation. Plant and Cell Physiology, (2014); 55(1): 119-135.

Park EJ, Jeknić Z, Sakamoto A, DeNoma J, Yuwansiri R, et al. Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in tomato protects seeds, plants, and flowers from chilling damage. The Plant Journal, (2004); 40(4): 474-487.

Ahuja M, Fladung M. Integration and inheritance of transgenes in crop plants and trees. Tree Genetics & Genomes, (2014); 1-12.

Xin Z, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Sun X. A Tea Hydroperoxide Lyase Gene, CsiHPL1, Regulates Tomato Defense Response Against Prodenia Litura (Fabricius) and Alternaria Alternata f. sp. Lycopersici by Modulating Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs) Release and Jasmonic Acid (JA) Gene Expression. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, (2014); 32(1): 62-69.

Buxdorf K, Rubinsky G, Barda O, Burdman S, Aharoni A, et al. The transcription factor SlSHINE3 modulates defense responses in tomato plants. Plant molecular biology, (2014); 84(1-2): 37-47.

Whitham S, McCormick S, Baker B. The N gene of tobacco confers resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in transgenic tomato. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (1996); 93(16): 8776-8781.

Nelson RS, McCormick SM, Delannay X, Dubé P, Layton J, et al. Virus tolerance, plant performance of transgenic tomato plants expressing coat protein from tobacco mosaic virus. Nature Biotechnology, (1988); 6(4): 403-409.

Kunik T, Salomon R, Zamir D, Navot N, Zeidan M, et al. Transgenic tomato plants expressing the tomato yellow leaf curl virus capsid protein are resistant to the virus. Nature Biotechnology, (1994); 12(5): 500-504.

McGarvey PB, Hammond J, Dienelt MM, Hooper DC, Fu ZF, et al. Expression of the rabies virus glycoprotein in transgenic tomatoes. Nature Biotechnology, (1995); 13(12): 1484-1487.

Kong K, Ntui VO, Makabe S, Khan RS, Mii M, et al. Transgenic tobacco and tomato plants expressing Wasabi defensin genes driven by root-specific LjNRT2 and AtNRT2. 1 promoters confer resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Biotechnology, (2014).

Gupta N, Prasad VB, Chattopadhyay S. LeMYC2 acts as a negative regulator of blue light mediated photomorphogenic growth, and promotes the growth of adult tomato plants. BMC Plant Biology, (2014); 14(1): 38.

Pauls KP, Tamot BK, Glick BR. Root and hypocotyl growth in transgenic tomatoes that express the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase. Journal of Plant Biology, (2003); 46(3): 181-186.

Uraguchi S, Kato Y, Hanaoka H, Miwa K, Fujiwara T. Generation of boron-deficiency-tolerant tomato by overexpressing an Arabidopsis thaliana borate transporter AtBOR1. Frontiers in plant science, (2014); 5.

Caffagni A, Pecchioni N, Francia E, Pagani D, Milc J. Candidate gene expression profiling in two contrasting tomato cultivars under chilling stress. Biologia Plantarum, (2014); 58(2): 283-295.

Karabudak T, Bor M, Özdemir F, Türkan İ. Glycine betaine protects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants at low temperature by inducing fatty acid desaturase7 and lipoxygenase gene expression. Molecular biology reports, (2014); 1-10.

Li M, Li Z, Li S, Guo S, Meng Q, et al. Genetic engineering of glycine betaine biosynthesis reduces heat-enhanced photoinhibition by enhancing antioxidative defense and alleviating lipid peroxidation in tomato. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, (2014); 32(1): 42-51.

Bastías A, Yañez M, Osorio S, Arbona V, Gómez-Cadenas A, et al. The transcription factor AREB1 regulates primary metabolic pathways in tomato fruits. Journal of experimental botany, (2014); eru114.

Gong B, Li X, VandenLangenberg KM, Wen D, Sun S, et al. Overexpression of S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine synthetase increased tomato tolerance to alkali stress through polyamine metabolism. Plant biotechnology journal, (2014).

Nir I, Moshelion M, Weiss D. The Arabidopsis GIBBERELLIN METHYL TRANSFERASE 1 suppresses gibberellin activity, reduces whole‐plant transpiration and promotes drought tolerance in transgenic tomato. Plant, cell & environment, (2014); 37(1): 113-123.

Sun W-H, Liu X-Y, Wang Y, Hua Q, Song X-M, et al. Effect of water stress on yield and nutrition quality of tomato plant overexpressing StAPX. Biologia Plantarum, (2014); 58(1): 99-104.

Cocaliadis MF, Fernández-Muñoz R, Pons C, Orzaez D, Granell A. Increasing tomato fruit quality by enhancing fruit chloroplast function. A double-edged sword? Journal of experimental botany, (2014); eru165.

Ahmed S, Nasir IA, Yaqub T, Waseem M, Tabassum B, et al. Molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis and designing of siRNA against Potato Virus X. Advancements in Life Sciences, 1(1): 7.

Silva EM, Silva Azevedo M, Guivin MAC, Ramiro DA, Figueiredo CR, et al. microRNA156‐targeted SPL/SBP box transcription factors regulate tomato ovary and fruit development. The Plant Journal, (2014); 78(4): 604-618.

Wang S, Lu G, Hou Z, Luo Z, Wang T, et al. Members of the tomato FRUITFULL MADS-box family regulate style abscission and fruit ripening. Journal of experimental botany, (2014); eru137.

Carey AT, Smith DL, Harrison E, Bird CR, Gross KC, et al. Down‐regulation of a ripening‐related β‐galactosidase gene (TBG1) in transgenic tomato fruits. Journal of experimental botany, (2001); 52(357): 663-668.

Nguyen CV, Vrebalov JT, Gapper NE, Zheng Y, Zhong S, et al. Tomato GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors reveal molecular gradients that function during fruit development and ripening. The Plant Cell Online, (2014); 26(2): 585-601.

Fraser PD, Römer S, Kiano JW, Shipton CA, Mills PB, et al. Elevation of carotenoids in tomato by genetic manipulation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, (2001); 81(9): 822-827.

Walmsley A, Alvarez M, Jin Y, Kirk D, Lee S, et al. Expression of the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin as a fusion protein in transgenic tomato. Plant cell reports, (2003); 21(10): 1020-1026.

Ballester A-R, Molthoff J, de Vos R, te Lintel Hekkert B, Orzaez D, et al. Biochemical and molecular analysis of pink tomatoes: deregulated expression of the gene encoding transcription factor SlMYB12 leads to pink tomato fruit color. Plant physiology, (2010); 152(1): 71-84.

Mehta RA, Cassol T, Li N, Ali N, Handa AK, et al. Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life. Nature biotechnology, (2002); 20(6): 613-618.

Liu N, Wu S, Van Houten J, Wang Y, Ding B, et al. Down-regulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS 6 and 8 by microRNA 167 leads to floral development defects and female sterility in tomato. Journal of experimental botany, (2014); eru141.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.